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Abstract:	Drei analytische Lastmodelle für die Berechnung von Zugüberfahrten über Brücken werden mathematisch formuliert: eine Folge von Einzelkräften, eine Folge von Punkmassen und eine Folge von Mehrkörpersystemen. Die Kopplung der Lastmodelle an das Brückenmodell erfolgt mechanisch exakt im Rahmen einer ebenen Betrachtung des Problems. Die Diskretisierung der Bewegungsgleichungen erfolgt mit Hilfe der Methode von Ritz und Galerkin (Modalanalyse). Am Beispiel einer leichten Balkenbrücke aus Stahl unter der Einwirkung eines Hochgeschwindigkeitszuges werden die drei Lastmodelle untereinander verglichen. An diesem Beispiel wird deutlich, dass mit Lastmodellen aus Einzelkräften oder Punktmassen die Schwingungsantwort von leichten Brücken stark überschätzt werden kann. Bereits die Verwendung von einfachen Mehrkörpersystemen mit nur wenigen Freiheitsgraden führt zu wesentlich genaueren Ergebnissen, insbesondere bei resonanzgefährdeten Brücken. Wege für eine effiziente Berechnung stehen unter Anwendung der Modalanalyse offen und werden ebenso diskutiert wie die Beurteilung der Resonanzgefahr. Comparison and assessment of various load models to calculate train crossings of bridges at high speed. Three analytical load models to calculate train crossings over bridges are mathematically formulated: a series of concentrated forces, a series of concentrated masses and a series of multi-body systems. The coupling of the load models to the bridge model is carried out within the scope of a two-dimensional treatment of the problem and without simplifications. The differential equations of motion are discretised using the method of Ritz and Galerkin (modal analysis). The three load models are compared with each other using the example of a lightweight beam bridge made of steel which is loaded by a high-speed train. The example shows clearly that the dynamic response of a lightweight bridge is overestimated if the load models consist of concentrated forces or masses. Even the use of simple multi-body systems with only few degrees of freedom lead to considerably more accurate results. This finding particularly holds true for bridges which are at risk of resonance effects. Options for an efficient calculation are available with modal analysis and are discussed. The assessment of resonance effects is also treated.
Source:	Stahlbau 78 (2009), No. 10
Page/s:	733-741
Language of Publication:	German

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