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Title:	Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian simulation of the penetration and braking behaviour of ship anchors in clay
Abstract:	Submarine power cables are buried in the seafloor for protection against external threats such as ship anchors. The determination of the optimum burial depth is still an important research topic. This paper presents numerical simulations of the penetration and braking behaviour of ship anchors in a clayey seabed. The visco-hypoplastic constitutive model was applied to model the viscous behaviour of clay. The Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg 4/5 integration method was implemented in the coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian analysis in Abaqus/Explicit to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the calculation. The soil model and the integration method were validated with a benchmark test. In the numerical simulations, typical anchor behaviours were observed and the basic mechanisms of the penetration of ship anchors in clay were revealed. Varying the simulation parameters shows the main factors (anchor size, soil strength and dragging speed) influencing the penetration depth, providing important information for the risk assessment of submarine power cables in the future. Gekoppelte Euler-Lagrange-Simulation des Penetrations- und Bremsverhaltens von Schiffsankern im bindigen Meeresboden. Um Offshore-Seekabel gegen Beschädigungen wie z. B. von Schiffsankern zu schützen, werden sie im Meeresgrund verlegt. Die Feststellung der optimalen Verlegetiefe ist seit langer Zeit ein wichtiges Forschungsthema, da die Verlegung der Kabel eine große Herausforderung darstellt. In diesem Beitrag wird das Penetrations- und Bremsverhalten des Schiffsankers im bindigen Meeresboden mithilfe von numerischen Simulationen untersucht. Aufgrund der großen Verformungen des Bodens werden die Simulationen mit der gekoppelten Euler-Lagrangeschen Methode in Abaqus/Explizit durchgeführt. Das viskohypoplastische Stoffmodell wird eingesetzt, um das viskose Verhalten des bindigen Bodens zu modellieren. Die Implementierung des Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg-4/5-Integrationsverfahrens hat die Effizienz und die Genauigkeit der FE-Berechnung erhöht. In den numerischen Simulationen werden typische Ankerverhalten beobachtet und der Eindringmechanismus wird analysiert. Variationen der Simulationsparameter deuten auf wichtige Einflussfaktoren (Ankergröße, Bodenfestigkeit und Ziehgeschwindigkeit des Schiffes) der Penetrationstiefe hin.
Source:	geotechnik 39 (2016), No. 3
Page/s:	168-174
Language of Publication:	English

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