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The 5.65 km long Thirra motorway tunnel experienced major problems during the summer of 2009 in a central 1,000 m long section through a fault zone with 500 m overburden. The tunnel showed large convergence, settlement and invert heave. In early November 2009, a 60 m long section of the south tube collapsed. A team of tunnel consultants including Dr. Sauer and iC were engaged to analyze the situation and make suggestions for a modified design. This resulted in a completely new concept for re-profiling, re-mining the collapse and inner lining. The basic principles followed were optimization of the shape to near-circular, very short ring closure and stiff lining. This concept was implemented by the contracting JV at record speed and worked perfectly. The displacements of the primary lining were very small and the loads within limits.
Der Thirra Autobahntunnel befand sich im Sommer 2009 im zentralen Teil mit 500 m Überlagerung in einem sehr kritischen Zustand. Über eine Länge von ca. 1.000 m waren in einer Störungszone große Konvergenzen, Setzungen und Sohlhebungen aufgetreten. Anfang November 2009 verbrach ein 60 m langer Abschnitt der Südröhre. Ein Beraterteam von Dr. Sauer und iC wurde engagiert, analysierte die Ereignisse und entwickelte ein Konzept zur Nachprofilierung, Aufarbeitung des Verbruchs und für die Innenschale des betroffenen Abschnitts. Das Konzept beruhte auf Querschnittsoptimierung, extrem kurzem Ringschluss und steifer Schale. Dieses Konzept wurde von der ausführenden ARGE in Rekordbauzeit umgesetzt und bereitete keinerlei Probleme. Die Verschiebungen in der Schale waren sehr gering, die Beanspruchungen im zulässigen Rahmen.

In the autumn of 1973 a first energy crisis swept over the industrialized world. In 1979 a second followed. The first reactions in the West reflected panic, but soon a correcting policy emerged with rational use of energy as one of the corner stones. From the beginning, buildings got special attention. Their share in the annual national end energy consumption, in fact, was unexpectedly high, while less consumption of highly valued energy sources looked affordable without jeopardizing building usability. On the contrary, better was possible with less.
One may expect that three decennia later, the results of such policy should be visible in terms of less energy consumed in buildings. This is not the case, at least not in Flanders, Belgium. Many reasons explain that anomaly. The average principal, designer, builder and contractor is not interested in energy efficiency. Investment costs and not future annual costs are the main concern. Legislation has been introduced reflecting a far too optimistic view on citizenship and thus, without any enforcement policy. The housing and tertiary building stock still expands, with a clear prosperity-linked trend towards detached dwellings with low compactness and large floor area. Urban planning remains business as usual. And finally, policy makers forgot to consider rebound effects and the impact of lazy workmanship when predicting the efficiency of fabric and building services related measures, resulting in an overestimation of future avoided energy use, while at the same time they underestimated the inertia of such large system as the existing building stock, given the low retrofit and substitution rate.

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One of the applications of cold-formed steel in which a considerable tonnage is involved is corrugated steel sheets for wall and roof cladding. Another is racking and shelving (R
Considering the non-traditional R
For the cold-formed members and components typically used in R
This paper gives an impression of R

The lattice equivalent continuum model (LECM) has proved to be very effective in analysing reinforced concrete structures in two-dimensional cases. That model is extended here to three dimensions and is fitted to a finite element formulation for analysing three-dimensional reinforced concrete structures. In any of the three principal directions, the stress-strain behaviour of concrete will be affected by the stress state in the other two directions. Consequently, stress-strain curves for concrete will shift from a uniaxial pattern. This phenomenon is considered in this work by selecting concrete peak stresses in three alternative approaches. The effectiveness of those approaches is also evaluated. The results of the calculations show good reproduction of the test data, which indicates the validity of this proposed 3D modelling of reinforced concrete.

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Mit der Entscheidung, mehrere Verwaltungsstandorte auf dem historischen Krupp-Gelände in Essen zu konzentrieren, wurden neue Gebäude für die Firmenverwaltung erforderlich, deren städtebauliche und architektonische Ausgestaltung im Rahmen eines internationalen Wettbewerbes gefunden wurde. Sieger des Wettbewerbes waren die Architekten Chaix et Morel / JSWD, die als Landmarke des neuen ThyssenKrupp Quartiers das innovative Headquarter entwarfen. Die Innovation setzte sich neben Funktion und Gestaltung auch in den Konzepten der Tragwerksplanung fort, die das Grundthema des Konzerns - Stahl - in vielfältiger Weise interpretierten. So wurden nahezu alle Stützen des Gebäudes als Verbundkonstruktion konzipiert. Gleichermaßen wurde das Tragwerk von Bauwerksbrücken mit integrierten Stahlfachwerken entworfen. Letztlich sind Erschließungsbrücken und Kommunikationsplattformen in sehr schlanker Stahlkonstruktion ausgeführt worden.

ThyssenKrupp Headquarter in Composite Construction. With the decision to concentrate several administrative sites on the historic ground of the Krupp concern in Essen, new buildings for the administration became necessary. Its urbanistic and architectural definition was found within the scope of an international competition, in which the architects Chaix et Morel / JSWD came out ahead and designed the innovative Headquarter as a landmark of the new ThyssenKrupp Quarters. This innovation was carried on not only in aspects of function and design but also in the planning of structural framework which continues the general theme of the concern - steel - in many ways. Thus, all the columns of the building were designed as a composite construction. Likewise, the frame of the structural bridges was designed with integrated steel frameworks. Finally, access bridges as well as communication platforms were constructed in a very slender steelwork design.

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No Abstract.