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Sarcina, Gioacchino; Dal Zotto, Siro; Poltronieri, Francesco; Raccagni, Marco; Sartori, Lorenzo; Cardella, Vito; Morbin, AndreaGenoa San Giorgio Bridge - The realization of an iconic artifactSteel Construction1/202114-21Reports

Abstract

A bridge that slowly crosses Polcevera Valley, step by step, in silence, almost asking for permission; a bridge that will be like a ship, a big white vessel moored in the valley; a bridge that can't be banal in its simplicity; a bridge made by Italian excellences who, through an intense activity of coordination, planning and the work of expert professionals, had to carry out the work as soon as possible. It is through the words of its designer, architect and senator for life Renzo Piano, that we want to introduce the new Genova San Giorgio Bridge. The steel contractor's approach to the realization of the work is summed up in the words of the CEO Giuseppe Bono: “The bridge must be an expression and a symbol of the country all over the world. All this is Fincantieri, what we have done so far and what we will do. Fincantieri represents something unique in our country, with introduction of its unparalleled integration model.” The steel contractor has made the replacement of former Morandi bridge possible only two years after the tragic events of 14 August 2018, bringing the road system of the Autostrada dei Fiori motorway back to normal.

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Grammou, Natascha; Pertermann, Ina; Puthli, RamSnow loads on flat roofs with elevated solar panel arrays - Research results for wind-induced shape coefficientsSteel Construction4/2019364-371Reports

Abstract

The installation of solar (or photovoltaic, PV) panels (also arrays) on flat roofs is becoming increasingly popular. Experimental investigations have not only provided qualitative results for snow load distributions, but also quantitative results that enable snow load shape coefficients to be derived for flat roofs with elevated PV arrays. Small-scale water flume tests were carried out to analyse how the presence of PV arrays can influence wind-induced snow accumulations. The laws of physical similarity between model and climatic data were used for this. The tests were carried out at the Institute for Hydraulic Engineering and Water Management at the Technical University of Darmstadt. Recently, design models for snow loads on flat roofs with elevated solar arrays have been published in draft versions of the Eurocode prEN 1991-1-3, currently under review. They are based on regulations soon to be published in a new German National Annex to the existing Eurocode DIN EN 1991-1-3/NA:2019. In this paper it is shown that these draft models are not suitable for every climatic condition. Research results and alternative criteria are discussed on the basis of the investigations.

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Snijder, Bert; Lindner, JoachimAbout ECCS and its Technical Committee TC8 on the Stability of Steel StructuresSteel Construction4/2019372-376Reports

Abstract

The mission, rich history and numerous achievements of the Technical Committee TC8 “Stability of Steel Structures” of the European Convention for Constructional Steelwork (ECCS), which is active since 1958, are highlighted by present and former chairpersons.

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Piermarini, Emidio; Nuttall, Hayden; May, Rob; Janssens, Victoria M.; Manglesdorf, Wolf; Kelly, TimMorpheus Hotel, Macau - a paradigm shift in computational engineeringSteel Construction3/2018218-231Reports

Abstract

This article describes how cutting-edge, parameter-based computational engineering techniques have been used to undertake the conception, analysis and documentation of the 2500 complex steelwork connections in the exoskeleton of the new Morpheus Hotel in Macau. It discusses the tools, methodologies and strategies devised by the engineering team to automate the time-consuming model creation and data-handling operations associated with the finite element analysis, enabling them to complete this challenging part of the project in just 12 months.

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Peter, Boris; Helbig, Thorsten; Damon, Pascal; Oppe, MatthiasSpiral steel dome - Kigali Convention Complex, RwandaSteel Construction2/2018162-168Reports

Abstract

No short description available.

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Hauptenbuchner, JohannesDesign and construction of the complex steel structure for the Amager Bakke waste-to-energy plantSteel Construction1/201772-79Reports

Abstract

Amager Bakke (English: Amager slope) is the name of Copenhagen's new waste-to-energy-plant located on the Amager peninsula. Once finished, it will be one of the largest incinerators in northern Europe and will be used for the combined production of district heat and electricity. On top of the waste-to-energy plant there will be a landscaped park featuring artificial ski slopes and a viewing platform. The support structure is mainly formed by a steelwork. The model-based design and construction of the complex, three-dimensional steel structure proved to be a challenging task for all the engineers and companies involved.

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Helbig, Thorsten; Kamp, Florian; Schieber, Roman; Oppe, Matthias; Torsing, Rob; Kieft, RalphCurved directly glazed steel structure - New departure station, E-Line, The HagueSteel Construction4/2016363-368Reports

Abstract

ZJA Zwarts & Jansma Architects have designed a new light rail departure station in The Hague, The Netherlands. The spatial roof structure of the station is made of rolled steel rectangular hollow sections arranged in two independent layers rigidly connected to each other. A glass envelope covering the roof structure matches the contours of the steel exactly. Since the diamond-shaped glass panes could only be attached to the outer layer of the steel grid, the panes (with edge lengths of approx. 1.30 m) are supported on two sides only. When optimizing the overall geometry, the double-curvature area at the nose of the roof structure became a special focus. Knippers Helbig Advanced Engineering has managed to minimize the deviation of each single glass pane from the single-curvature geometry to a maximum out-of-plane deformation of only 3 mm. Therefore, the project is a great example of how geometry development can influence structural design and enable new approaches.

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Helbig, Thorsten; Riederer, Jochen; Kamp, Florian; Oppe, MatthiasFree-form on every scale - "Tornado" roof structure for Bory Mall, Bratislava, SlovakiaSteel Construction3/2016249-354Reports

Abstract

The Bory Mall Shopping Centre, designed by the Italian architect Massimiliano Fuksas, is a mixed use development located on the outskirts of Bratislava, Slovakia.
The roof to the shopping mall's central plaza is a free-form steel gridshell. The concept for its shape is consistent from the footprint to the shape of the grid nodes. The gridshell is assembled from standard rolled steel hollow sections but uses the freedom created by individually shaped CNC-milled grid nodes to achieve a smooth transition between high slenderness at the bottom and the necessary stiffness at the top.
Working in close collaboration with Massimiliano Fuksas Architects, Knippers Helbig provided support for the development of the roof structure right from the start of the project and rounded off their services by providing detailed design of the free-form central “Tornado” façade grid nodes, which were fabricated and built by Metal Yapi.

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Schueremans, Luc; Furtado, Ana ClaudiaFRISOMAT - steel innovator in cold-rolled buildingsSteel Construction3/2016255-258Reports

Abstract

No short description available.

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Keil, Andreas; Plieninger, Sven; Linden, Sebastian; Sander, ChristianeSimple BridgesSteel Construction1/201667-73Reports

Abstract

Many famous footbridges show have a spectacular, eye-catching design or functionality. They feature extravagant structures, large spans or outstanding locations and they are globally published and widely discussed amongst professionals and laymen.
However, there are smaller and simpler bridges, whose good and appropriate design, structural behaviour and sustainability can only be seen at the second look. While not having showy features they are beautiful, reasonable, efficient, sometimes trendsetting but always interesting enough to justify careful attention.
This paper presents five bridges - designed by schlaich bergermann partner, completed within the past few years - that are characterized especially by their apparent simplicity: a simple beam bridge in Backnang, three arch bridges in Dortmund, a prestressed concrete beam bridge in Hamburg, a two-span stress ribbon bridge in Schwäbisch Gmünd and a fixed-end beam bridge in Esslingen.

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Nützel, Oswald; Saul, ReinerLong-term corrosion protection for bridge cables with butyl rubber tapes using the ATIS Cableskin® systemSteel Construction1/201559-64Reports

Abstract

ATIS Cableskin® is a corrosion protection system for bridge cables which uses proven materials to strike out in a new direction. These innovative ideas mean that, for the first time, corrosion protection work on scaffolds and in enclosures will be a thing of the past, and the costs and traffic restrictions are massively reduced. It is worth highlighting the extremely long lifetime of this corrosion protection.

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Winterstetter, Thomas; Alkan, Mustafa; Berger, Radu; Watanabe, Maiko; Toth, Agatha; Sobek, WernerEngineering complex geometries - the Heydar Aliyev Centre in BakuSteel Construction1/201565-71Reports

Abstract

The present paper describes the engineering design by Werner Sobek for the new Heydar Aliyev Centre in Baku, a masterpiece of 3D freeform architecture by Zaa Hadid.

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Helbig, Thorsten; Giampellegrini, Laurent; Oppe, Matthias"Carioca Wave" - A free-form steel-and-glass canopy in Rio de Janeiro, BrazilSteel Construction4/2014252-257Reports

Abstract

The elegant free-form steel-and-glass canopy covers the atrium of the redevelopment of the “CasaShopping” luxury home furnishings centre in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The eye-catching sculptural shape of the canopy is inspired by the ocean waves of the nearby seaside of Barra di Tijuca. The “Carioca Wave” rises out of a pool at ground level and arches over the atrium to provide a link between the shops and the main entrance at the lower level. The complex geometry of the structure places high demands on construction. The high-precision node-beam system was prefabricated in Europe in order to allow fast and simple assembly and erection on site. The free-form steel-and-glass structure - one of the first of its kind in South America - was developed in a collaborative design-and-build project between architect Nir Sivan (Rome, Italy), special contractor se-austria (Schoerfling, Austria) and Knippers Helbig advanced engineering (Stuttgart, Germany).

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Plieninger, Sven; Gebreiter, Daniel; Mühlberger, Jörg; Justiz, StefanThe grid-shell of Jinji Lake Mall - Rise like a PhoenixSteel Construction4/2014258-261Reports

Abstract

Jinji Lake Mall, a 290,000 m² shopping and entertainment centre, will be centrepiece to a development of several super-high-rise buildings by the waterfront of Jinji Lake in Suzhou, China. Visible from the surrounding skyscrapers, the appearance of the “fifth façade” became of paramount importance. In response, the architectural design foresaw a continuous, 35,000 m² free-form glass roof to cover the four individual buildings of the mall ensemble.
schlaich bergermann and partner consulting engineers were tasked with the structural design of the roof whose shape was inspired by the wings of a phoenix. To alleviate excessive in-plane stresses in the roof, a rigid triangulated grid was discarded in favour of a more elastic quadrangular frame system, requiring the generation of a quad-dominant topology on the free-form surface. The complex interplay between base buildings and roof structure required that all analysis be done on a combined model including roof, tree columns and sub-structure.
Multi-resolution mesh modelling stood at the core of a generative work-flow which mathematically optimized for geometric and structural criteria in the same process. Furthermore, geometrically similar facets were grouped and subsequently assigned the same panel, reducing the unique panel count.

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Imbrenda, AndreaThe MAST (Manufacture Arts Experimentation Technology) multipurpose building - steel structures for urban transformationSteel Construction4/2014262-266Reports

Abstract

The linear architecture of the MAST (Manufacture Arts Experimentation Technology) multipurpose building in Bologna hides a complex combination of functions and spaces surrounding the core of the building and forms its raison d’être: the sublimation of innovation in manufacturing industry within the retrospective heritage of art and its projection in human memory. In this way, factors normally regarded as secondary to industrial activity become a central part of it and are acknowledged as its true roots and instinctive vision. The building acts as the vehicle for a declaration that there are no innovative ideas other than those arising from the interaction between memory and the capacity to project. The functional distribution traces a passage from emotive education (nursery) through formal teaching (classrooms) and the conservation of memory (museum and exhibition area) to listening (auditorium). Each function is acknowledged, not as a self-contained unit, but rather as a component part of the driving force of innovation, which propels a capacity for technological process that is anything but sterile. In such a setting, the steel structures are the very symbol of the transition from tradition to innovation [1].

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Walter, Peter; Kern, AndreasMaterial modelling as a tool for the quality assurance and product development of heavy plate steels for steel constructionSteel Construction4/2014267-273Reports

Abstract

Shorter product development cycles and compliance with exact process parameters during the production of high-strength heavy plate for heavy machine construction requires fast modelling of mechanical and technological material properties during the actual production process. To this end, the Heavy Plate Unit at ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG has used state-of-the-art calculation tools from collections of process data and test value databases. This report describes the step-by-step development of the underlying material models, their implementation in practical computer software and their practical application illustrated by some selected examples.

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Berrais, Abbes; Pollitt, KieranAn excel based design tool for end plate connections to Eurocode 3Steel Construction4/2014274-279Reports

Abstract

The design of moment-resisting joints can often be a laborious task if performed by manual calculation. This leads to potential rising of unnecessary labour costs when industry approved design tool would otherwise suffice. Steel connection designers are charged with specifying joint components such as plates, welds and bolts required that have structural capacity to transmit the loads which the connection is exposed to. This said connection design and its components need to be economical with regards to cost. However, a balance needs to be reached between the over-design of the connection leading to excessive capacities, and the finite element design that provides the connection with just what it needs to resist such loads.
The aim of this paper is the description of an Excel based tool for the detailed design of bolted end plate connections between beams and columns in accordance to Eurocode 3. The design tool is practical, user friendly with minimum manual input and relatively transparent such that it provides the user with an easy step-by-step guide during the design process.

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Bögle, Annette; Kurrer, Karl-EugenJörg Schlaich at 80Steel Construction4/2014279-281Reports

Abstract

The Stuttgart School was the first movement to combine the style of and training in architecture, taught and supported at the Stuttgart College of Technology. The Stuttgart School of Building Design is losing visibility just as the profile of architects in society is rising. However, a thoroughgoing analysis of its particular qualities is overdue, especially in the context of creative construction engineering. For example, Bill Baker (*1953), a Structural and Civil Engineering Partner at Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP (SOM), Chicago, USA and winner of the 2009 Fritz Leonhardt prize, has described the creative approach as a key element in (civil engineering) training at the University of Stuttgart. Towards the end of the 20th century, the Stuttgart School of Building Design was greatly influenced by Jörg Schlaich (*17th October 1934), whose working, teaching and research methods also helped inspire the creative approach praised above.

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Helbig, Thorsten; Kamp, Florian; Oppe, MatthiasLazika Pier Sculpture - A crossover from sculpture to structureSteel Construction2/2014141-146Reports

Abstract

Lazika is a new city in Georgia located on the Black Sea coast. The one-hundred meter long Lazika Pier with its 31 m high landmark sculpture is one of the first structures to mark the beginning of the development of this new metropolis.
The sculpture designed by German architect Jürgen Mayer H. consists of stacked oval elements - so called blobs - organized in seven levels. The blobs are subdivided into vertical plain levels running in an orthogonal direction with a distance of 90 cm. Due to the exposed position, tough requirements concerning corrosion resistance and a pretty tight timetable for design, fabrication and erection, structural steel has been chosen as the building material. The sculpture consists of steel plates with varying thicknesses of 5 to 10 mm. Elements composed of plasma-cut plates were pre-fabricated within a site workshop and installed using mobile cranes. Exterior and interior lighting features provide a dynamic and pulsating look to the sculpture.

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Pfeiffer, Esther; Kern, AndreasModern production of heavy plates for construction applications - controlling production processes and qualitySteel Construction2/2014147-153Reports

Abstract

Modern steel and pressure vessel construction requires heavy plates with tailored properties. In addition to satisfying quality standards, delivery on schedule is an important requirement for building projects. To show how these demands on actual deployment of plates are realized, this paper discusses methods for optimum production planning and production control where the focus is upon improving the flow of work, thus gradually eliminating unevenness across the system to realize the demands. Owing to the complexity of the heavy plate production process, computer-based modelling of material flow processes is presented as a suitable tool. In addition, important aspects of quality assurance and quality control during the production of high-performance plates are summarized. The quality characteristics of the plates are suitable surface quality, flatness, dimensional accuracy und mechanical and technological properties. How these features are controlled during the production of heavy plates is presented systematically.

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Göppert, Knut; Haspel, Lorenz; Waldner, DanyMobile pavilions for the fairground of the BASELWORLD - The world's leading watch and jewellery show BASELWORLD has been given a new lookSteel Construction2/2014154-157Reports

Abstract

Most stands at last year’s BASELWORLD as well as the fairground have been fundamentally redesigned: Six crystalline pavilions that house food service, media relations and ticket office string through a mosaic of blooming flower beds. Together with the architectural practice dany waldner AG, schlaich bergermann und partner developed a modular system for mobile buildings that feature a quick and easy installation for versatile use while meeting high design requirements. Functional but elegant detailing was required starting with wide span customized multi-functional aluminium girders carrying the roof membranes, incorporating invisible stressing devices for the membrane, attachments of secondary girders, facade columns and facade panels as well as electrical power supply for the integrated illumination. Laminates of glass panes and varying metallised textiles were used to clad the facade panels made of light weight aluminium frames and connected with integrated connection devices. The structure is resting on legs adjustable in height and adaptable to varying inclination of the ground, requiring a series of movable parts to be designed for multi use, long term performance and corrosion resistance free of lubrication. Combining the advantages of stainless steel, bronze, aluminium and black steel in the strict content of requirements made the project a challenge somewhere between civil and mechanical engineering.

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Helbig, Thorsten; Scheible, Florian; Kamp, Florian; Schieber, RomanEngineering in a computational design environment - New Terminal 3 at Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, ChinaSteel Construction1/201424-31Reports

Abstract

Shenzhen Airport’s Terminal 3 is one of the largest buildings in the world designed with parametrically controlled digital tools. These tools enabled the teams from Fuksas and Knippers Helbig to develop the free-form, perforated, double-skin building envelope into which a space truss structure is integrated. The inherent optimization potential of the iterative process not only facilitated the geometrical definition of a large number of unique, non-repetitive components, but also resulted in a successive performance improvement for the integrated structural system.
In a close collaboration with the architects, specific solutions were developed to provide sufficient structural integrity for the space structure, which is clad by the façade layers. These design interventions enable the mega-structure to withstand all impacting loads, such as high winds and seismic loads, without disrupting the transparency of the architects’ intended honeycomb-shaped perforations.
The design process of the new Terminal 3 clearly demonstrates how parametrically controlled design tools can offer the means to design new structures and envelopes that go beyond existing typologies.

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Bedair, OsamaModern steel design and construction in Canada's oil sands industrySteel Construction1/201432-40Reports

Abstract

The continuous improvements in Canada’s oil sands industrial performance have generated engineering challenges that are rarely encountered in conventional oil and gas projects. Significant developments in steel construction procedures have evolved over the past few years to cope with these challenges. New design guidelines have been developed to modernize structural steel design and construction procedures. These procedures have been successfully implemented in oil sands projects that worth billions of dollars. The author was involved in the design developments for these projects and would like to share with readers the difficulties and solutions used to cope with structural challenges that are not addressed by North American or European codes of practice.

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Friedrich, HeinzOrthotropic steel bridges in GermanySteel Construction1/201441-47Reports

Abstract

This document describes the development and state of the art of orthotropic steel bridges in Germany. Following a short historical review of the performance of orthotropic bridge decks over the last decades, the present traffic loads are described and related to the resistance of the existing structures. Based on four different hazard categories, this paper describes different retrofitting methods. Although several promising strengthening techniques are introduced and evaluated, it appears that further research is urgently required in order to improve these techniques.

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Nozhova, EkaterinaBetween geometry and craft: the setting-out of the NiGRES TowerSteel Construction1/201448-55Reports

Abstract

In 1899 Vladimir Shuchov (1853-1939), the polymath Russian engineer, was awarded a patent covering the principles he had devised for hyperbolic lattice towers. These hyperbolic towers are constructed from an assembly of straight elements connected together with complex three-dimensional joints. However, their full geometry is difficult to discern from the (orthogonal) drawings still available. Until now, little was known about the technological advances that made these complex designs feasible. This paper presents an investigation into the mathematical principles and operational practices that may have been used for determining the actual geometry of individual elements for setting out and constructing the metal lattices, thus illuminating the conjunction of geometry and craft.

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