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Author(s):	Preh, A.; Poisel, R.
Title:
Abstract:	Rabcewicz was the first to describe the shear failure of cavities in rock (“Cherry pit mechanism”), which he observed in detail not only in tunnelling but also in mining and described into very advanced phases. He also developed an analytical model for this mechanism according to the limit equilibrium hypothesis, which permitted the estimation of the required support resistance. On the basis of model tests, Feder developed an extensive set of formulae for the process of failure. Using the finite difference code FLAC2D and the discrete element code PFC2D, the model presented by Rabcewicz and Feder has been developed further. It will be demonstrated that the process of failure can be split into two phases. In the late failure phase (large deformations), the mechanism observed in the mathematical model differs from the descriptions of Rabcewicz and Feder. While the break surfaces according to Rabcewicz and Feder form exclusively in the area near the cavity, break surfaces form in the mathematical model starting from the interstice of the side wall and extending far into the rock mass, and lead to the formation of trapezoidal regions in the crown and in the invert, which are pressed against each other. Rabcewicz beschrieb als erster das Scherbruchversagen von Gebirgshohlräumen (“Cherry pit mechanism”), das er nicht nur im Tunnel- sondern auch im Bergbau eingehend beobachtete und bis in weit fortgeschrittene Phasen beschrieb. Für diesen Mechanismus entwickelte er auch ein analytisches Modell nach der Grenzgleichgewichtshypothese, das die Abschätzung von erforderlichen Ausbauwiderständen erlaubte. Auf der Basis von Modellversuchen entwickelte Feder einen umfangreichen Formelapparat für den Bruchablauf. Mithilfe des Finiten Differenzen Codes FLAC2D und des Diskreten Elemente Codes PFC2D wurden die Modellvorstellung von Rabcewicz und Feder weiterentwickelt. Es wird gezeigt, dass sich der Versagensablauf in zwei Phasen unterteilen lässt. In den späten Phasen des Versagens (große Verformungen) unterscheidet sich der in den numerischen Modellen beobachtete Mechanismus von den Beschreibungen von Rabcewicz und Feder. Während sich Bruchflächen bei Rabcewicz und Feder ausschließlich in den Nahbereichen des Hohlraums ausbilden, bilden sich in den numerischen Modellen Bruchflächen aus, die ausgehend von den Spitzen der Ulmenzwickel bis tief ins Gebirge reichen und zur Bildung von trapezförmigen Bereichen in der Firste und in der Sohle führen, die gegeneinander gedrückt werden.
Source:	Geomechanics and Tunnelling 2 (2009), No. 5
Page/s:	544-552
Language of Publication:	English/German

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