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Title:	Elemente zur akustischen Gestaltung von Sporthallen
Abstract:	In Sporthallen lässt die Akustik in vielen Fällen zu wünschen übrig. Oft beschweren sich die Betroffenen berechtigt über eine schlechte Akustik, geringe Sprachverständlichkeit und viel zu hohe Pegel. Dieser Beitrag behandelt Aspekte und Ansätze, mit denen sich die Anforderungen an die akustische Gestaltung von Sporthallen insgesamt besser erfüllen lassen. Raumakustisch ist eine schallabsorbierende Decke zwar gut, aber nicht ausreichend. Deutlich besser sind schallabsorbierende Flächen möglichst in allen drei Raumrichtungen, z. B. durch die Kombination von Decken und Prallwänden. Die analog zu Prallwänden gestalteten, aber akustisch doch etwas anders funktionierenden Geräteraumtore stellen dabei wirksame Tiefenabsorber dar. Die schallabsorbierende Eigenschaft von Trennvorhängen ist in Mehrfeld-Sporthallen eine sinnvolle Option. Sie sind großflächig und müssen keine Absorptionsrekorde brechen, um Pegel zu mindern und Flatterechos zu vermeiden. Der Schallschutz zwischen Teilhallen bleibt ein akustischer Dauerbrenner. Die untersuchten Maßnahmen sind unter realen Bedingungen umsetzbar und können bei guter Planung zu einer deutlichen Erhöhung der Schalldämmung zwischen den Teilhallen einer Sporthalle führen. Neben einer angemessenen Schallabsorption sollten die Elemente wie Sportböden und Prallwände, die bei der Nutzung selbst Lärm verursachen, möglichst leise sein. Hierzu liegen jetzt konkrete Messungen und erste Vorschläge zur akustischen Behandlung vor. Elements and approaches for the acoustical design of sports halls In sports halls, the acoustics often leave much to be desired. Those affected repeatedly express legitimate grievances about poor acoustics, low speech intelligibility and far too high noise levels. This paper will address a number of aspects and approaches which are effective to meet the overall acoustic requirements of sports halls more efficiently. In terms of room acoustics, the exclusive use of a highly sound-absorbing ceiling is beneficial, but still not sufficient. It is significantly more efficient to install the sound-absorbing surfaces if possible in all three directions, for example by combining their installation on ceilings and baffle walls. The doors of the equipment room, which are designed like baffle walls, yet are performing acoustically in a slightly different way, serve as low-frequency absorbers. The sound-absorbing property of partition curtains is a useful option in multi-field sports halls. They are large in area and do not need to break any absorption records to reduce noise levels and avoid flutter echoes. The sound insulation between separable parts of sports halls remains a long-running subject in the field of sports halls design. Therefore, measures were examined and presented which can be implemented in practice and, when planned carefully, significantly improve the sound insulation between the separable parts of sports halls. In addition to adequate sound absorption, elements such as sports floors and baffle walls, which cause noise during use, should be as quiet as possible. For this purpose, actual measurements and first suggestions for skilled acoustic treatment are now available.
Source:	Bauphysik 40 (2018), No. 5
Page/s:	241-249
Language of Publication:	German

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