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Author(s):	Lorenz, Werner
Title:
Abstract:	Ab 1838 innerhalb gut eines Jahrzehnts errichtet, müssen die eisernen Dach- und Deckentragwerke der Eremitage-Bauten in St. Petersburg heute aufgrund ihrer Ausdehnung, ihres Variantenreichtums und der noch in großen Bereichen originalen Substanz als einzigartiges Zeugnis aus den Anfängen des Stahlbaus gelten. Sie geben Einblick in die Konstruktionspraktiken einer offenen, noch regellosen Zeit, in der man in Europa erst begann, die Möglichkeiten des Bauens mit Schmiedeeisen und Stahl systematisch zu erkunden. Im Rahmen eines von der DFG geförderten Verbundprojekts wurden sie erstmals archivarisch und in situ detailliert untersucht. Am Beispiel des Winterpalastes stellt der Beitrag nach einer kurzen Typologie der Haupttragwerke zunächst die Organisation dieser Großbaustelle vor, auf der für die Lieferung der Eisenkonstruktionen ein umfassendes Qualitätskontrollsystem entwickelt wurde. Die Untersuchung der Konstruktionsprozesse zeigt auf, dass in Entwurf, Bemessung und Legitimation der neuartigen Tragwerke Erfahrung und “stilles Wissen” ebenso einflossen wie versuchsgestützte Tragsicherheitsnachweise und erste statische Berechnungen und nicht zuletzt baubegleitende Updates aus Versagensfällen und Einstürzen. The iron roof and ceiling structures of the Hermitage, Saint Petersburg Erected within a decade from 1838 onwards, the iron roof and ceiling structures of the Hermitage buildings in Saint Petersburg are today a unique testimony to the beginnings of steel construction due to their size, their rich variety and the fact that they are still largely original. They provide an insight into the construction practices of an open, not yet regulated time in which Europe was only just beginning to systematically explore the possibilities of building with wrought iron and steel. As part of a joint DFG-funded project, they were examined in detail for the first time in archives and in situ. Using the Winter Palace as an example, after a brief typology of the main supporting structures the article first presents the organization of this major construction site, where a comprehensive quality control system was developed for the delivery of the iron structures. The analysis of the construction processes shows that the design, dimensioning and legitimation of the new structures were based on experience and “tacid knowledge” as well as on experimental structural safety assessments and early static calculations and, last but not least, on updates from failures and collapses during construction.
Source:	Stahlbau 88 (2019), No. 8
Page/s:	734-743
Language of Publication:	German

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