Table of contents

Foreword by Terry Wyatt, Past President of CIBSE ix

Preface xi

About the book xxiii

About the author xxv

Dedication and Acknowledgements xxvii

Glossary of abbreviations xxix

Introduction 1

Early modelling and design (BIM) 1

Technologies and applications 7

References 11

Section 1 Sustainability in the wider context 13

1 Making the right choices - the sustainability dilemma 15

Objectivity is the key 15

Rigorous standards and enforcement 17

Where will our energy come from in the future? 20

The leaky bucket! 23

References 24

2 Planning ahead - the role of planning authorities 25

A major influence? 25

Planning gain 27

The disconnect between building control and planning 29

The Merton rule 30

Training for planners and building control officers 32

Planning for the future 34

References 36

3 Legislative overview and meeting your legal obligations 37

Global targets and local actions 37

The European influence 38

Applying the EPBD in the UK 41

Continuous change - Part L 2010-2013-2016 and a new EPBD 43

Taking the energy performance of buildings to the next level 44

Legislation levels, change and enforcement - opinion 45

Joined-up government? 46

Looking forward 47

Enforcement 48

Some final thoughts 50

References 51

4 Paying for it - the finance question 53

Short-termism - damages sustainability 53

Funding for sustainable building projects 56

The cheapest kilowatt-hour is the one you never use! 59

What is the Green Deal? 61

References 65

Section 2 Delivering sustainable buildings 67

5 Delivering an energy-efficient and sustainable building 69

The wider design process - BREEAM 70

Learning from the manufacturing and car industry 72

Designing for sustainable communities 73

Where is the electricity coming from? 75

Dynamic demand control 76

Looking ahead 78

References 79

6 Managing energy and reducing its use 81

Energy is too cheap 81

Energy use and carbon taxes 82

Energy management must be integrated 83

The energy management process 85

Data is everything 85

Training, communication and education 89

The development of energy ratings 90

References 98

7 Water - a forgotten issue 99

Water and energy inexorably linked 99

Management of water in building services 106

Grey water and rainwater harvesting 109

Water and pipework infrastructure 111

References 113

8 Putting it together - the contractor's role 115

Giving contractors room to work 115

The soft landings process 118

Towards proactive contracting 120

A sustainable future for contractors 121

Waste 125

Water 126

Adding value and opportunity 126

References 127

9 Main plant and building services - HVAC systems 129

Fixed thinking - assigned to the past 129

System design and application 131

Choice of heating systems 133

Ventilation 135

Air conditioning and comfort cooling 142

Bringing it all together 143

Further reading 144

10 Getting and keeping control - building energy management systems 145

BMS becomes BEMS and can save a lot more energy 146

Evaluating an existing BEMS 148

Degree day analysis 149

Defining good control strategies 152

Example control strategies 153

Upgrading the BEMS - the business case 155

Specifying a new BEMS 156

Continuous optimisation 158

The BEMS needs user involvement 159

References 159

11 Commissioning and handover for energy efficiency 161

What is commissioning? 164

The commissioning process 165

Regulations and standards for commissioning 174

References 174

12 Keeping it all going - the importance of maintenance to sustainability 175

Maintenance is fundamental 175

Is it worth the risk? 179

Thermal imaging - seeing in a different light 182

Application of thermal imaging to sustainable buildings 185

Linking sustainability and maintenance 195

References 199

Section 3 The human element 201

13 The skills challenge 203

Resurgence of skills 203

Case study - East of England skills challenge 204

Manufacturers and trade associations - role in training and skills 207

The green deal - implication on skills 209

References 212

14 Changing behaviours 213

Behaviour, attitudes and perceptions 213

Convenience and resistance to change 215

Getting it right from the start 216

Getting the workforce on board 218

References 219

15 Putting my own house in order 221

I had a dream 221

Jack of all trades 222

Greenfield or brownfield 222

Architect and planner-talk to the planners 224

Specification, materials and construction 225

Skills and knowing your limitations 227

Mechanical and electrical 228

Sustainability dilemma 229

The future: improvement and continuous commissioning 230

References 231

Further information 232

16 Sharing our technology and expertise with the developed and developing world 233

The big picture 233

Sharing our expertise 235

What did the Romans do for us? 238

Business and exports 239

References 242

Further information 242

Conclusion - some big challenges ahead 243

Index 247