Journal articles
Author(s) | Title | Journal | Issue | Page | Category |
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Rettinger, Martin; Guhathakurta, Jajnabalkya; Gänz, Peter; Simon, Sven; Schlaich, Mike | Hinter den Kulissen - Computertomographie für modulare Segmentfertigteilbrücken | Beton- und Stahlbetonbau | 5/2022 | 343-356 | Aufsätze |
AbstractDie industrielle Computertomographie (CT) ermöglicht den Blick “hinter die Kulissen” von erhärteten Betonbauteilen und liefert hochpräzise Messdaten aus dem Bauteilinneren. Unter der Voraussetzung der Verfügbarkeit eines für das Bauteil geeigneten Computertomographen kann so eine Vielzahl von Informationen erfasst werden, die zuvor meist nur durch eine Bauteilöffnung/-zerstörung zugänglich war. Diese Informationen, wie z. B. die genaue Bewehrungslage oder die lokale Häufung von Lufteinschlüssen im Beton, sind relevant für die Qualität von Betonfertigteilen und können in einem Qualitätssicherungssystem im Betonfertigteilwerk gewinnbringend eingesetzt werden. Besonders im Rahmen der Automatisierung und Digitalisierung der Betonfertigteilherstellung birgt eine in den Fließfertigungsprozess integrierte CT-Qualitätsüberwachung ein großes Potenzial. Auf diese Weise können beispielsweise Segmentfertigteilbrücken hergestellt werden, bei denen die einzeln qualitätsgeprüften Fertigteilsegmente später auf der Baustelle durch Vorspannung und mithilfe von verzahnten Kontaktfugen zu Brücken verbunden werden. Mit den durch CT erfassten Informationen ist es möglich, schwankende, bislang durch die Teilsicherheitsbeiwerte abgedeckte Parameter genau zu analysieren und somit das Sicherheitskonzept für Beton neu zu denken. Durch die Kontrolle von streuenden Parametern und die darauffolgende Reduktion von sicherheitsbedingtem Materialverbrauch kann ein wertvoller Beitrag zum Klimaschutz und zur Schonung von natürlichen Ressourcen geleistet werden. x | |||||
Bastert, Heinrich; Meyer, Julian; Orf, Matthias | Das neue DBV-Merkblatt "BIM-Prozessqualität" | Beton- und Stahlbetonbau | 5/2022 | 357-365 | Berichte |
AbstractMit dem neuen DBV-Merkblatt “BIM-Prozessqualität” erweitert der DBV seine umfangreiche Merkblattsammlung. Ziel des neuen DBV-Merkblatts ist die Darstellung praxistauglicher Planungsstrukturen als Handlungsempfehlungen für die Hochbauplanung mit Building Information Modeling (BIM). Dazu gehört vor allem bereits zu Projektbeginn die Etablierung geeigneter Arbeitsabläufe und -bedingungen für die Einbindung von BIM als Grundlage für die Beauftragung von Planungsleistungen. Ein wesentlicher Schwerpunkt des DBV-Merkblatts liegt in der Tragwerksplanung als einer zentralen Planungsdisziplin mit zahlreichen Schnittstellen zu anderen Planungsdisziplinen und diversen Planableitungen, z. B. für die Haustechnikgewerke. Viele der für die Tragwerksplanung vorgestellten Empfehlungen zu geeigneten Projektstrukturen sind allgemeingültig und auf die übrigen Planungsdisziplinen übertragbar. Darüber hinaus werden die aus Sicht der Tragwerksplanung besonderen Anforderungen an die Arbeitsweise mit BIM dargestellt. Der vorliegende Bericht stellt die wichtigsten Inhalte des neuen DBV-Merkblatts vor und erläutert beispielhaft die praktische Umsetzung anhand des Ablaufs bzw. von Einzelaspekten für ein Hochbauprojekt. x | |||||
Meyer, Lars | Green means lean - der Weg zur "Klimaneutralen Betonbaustelle" - Nachhaltiges Bauen mit Beton heißt auch konsequent Lean Construction | Beton- und Stahlbetonbau | 5/2022 | 366-374 | Essays |
Beton- und Stahlbetonbau aktuell 5/2022 | Beton- und Stahlbetonbau | 5/2022 | 375-378 | Beton- und Stahlbetonbau aktuell | |
AbstractPersönliches: x | |||||
Kongresse - Symposien - Seminare - Messen | Beton- und Stahlbetonbau | 5/2022 | 379 | Veranstaltungskalender | |
Content: Geomechanics and Tunnelling 5/2022 | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | Contents | ||
71 Geomechanics Colloquium - 71. Geomechanik Kolloquium | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | Cover Pictures | ||
AbstractAs part of the modernisation of the railway line between entilj and Maribor, the existing Poehovo tunnel will be replaced by a new tunnel. The new double-track tunnel through the Pekel Mountains is around 1530 m long and will be equipped with various safety systems. DSI provided AT - Casing System 114 with squeeze connection, self-drilling Hollow Bar Anchors as well as other ground support products in one line including lattice girders, drill steel, and pumps. Breakthrough on the new Pekel railway tunnel was achieved on 18 August 2022. (photo: DSI Underground) x | |||||
Schubert, Wulf; Jedlitschka, Gernot | 71 Geomechanics Colloquium - 71. Geomechanik Kolloquium | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 439 | Editorials |
News: Geomechanics and Tunnelling 5/2022 | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 440-452 | News | |
AbstractTunnelling work for the Obervellach II power station has been completed - Vortriebsarbeiten für Kraftwerk Obervellach II abgeschlossen x | |||||
Höss, Christian; Binder, Michael; Hofmann, Michael; Zmölnig, Martin; Reiter, Franz | Construction of the new Obervellach II - Rail traction power station / Neubau Bahnstromkraftwerk Obervellach II | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 456-466 | Topics |
AbstractIn the interests of climate protection, ÖBB Infrastruktur AG traditionally focuses on the sustainable use of hydro-electric power for the generation of traction current for the railways. After about 100 years in service, the existing Obervellach I and Lassach power stations will be replaced by the more efficient new Obervellach II and Kaponig plants. With an increased output of 38 MW and a regular working capacity of 125 GWh per year, around 30,000 high speed journeys from Villach to Vienna will be possible. x | |||||
Stech, Hans-Joachim; Achatz, Robert; Strasser, Peter; Thermann, Karsten; Caccavo, Gabriella; Gommel, Ulrich; Kamuf, Ingo | Construction of the new Forbach pumped storage plant / Neubau des Pumpspeicherwerks Forbach | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 469-477 | Topics |
AbstractThe Rudolf-Fettweis hydropower plant, owned and operated by EnBW Energie Baden-Württemberg AG, is situated in the Murg valley in the Northern Black Forest. The construction of a new underground Lower Basin is planned to upgrade the existing hydropower station. The in-situ rock mass consists of Forbach Granite with local weakness zones, as encountered in the boreholes. Considering the extent of the project area, a 3D geological prediction model was used to allow a better interpretation of the spatial relationships of weakness zones in the rock mass and to optimize the orientation of the underground caverns. Adverse effects for the public were counteracted at a very early stage, so that the project received a high level of public acceptance. The present paper describes the current state of the project. x | |||||
Schorn, Roland; Rieder, Christian; Hager, Andreas | Limberg III pumped storage power station project - special challenges posed by logistics and the tunnelling systems of a large-scale construction site in a high mountain region / Projekt Pumpspeicherkraftwerk Limberg III - besondere Herausforderungen an die Logistik sowie die Vortriebssysteme einer Großbaustelle im Hochgebirge | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 478-490 | Topics |
AbstractConstruction of the Verbund project Limberg III pumped storage power station is currently underway in the area of the Kaprun/Salzach power station group. Preliminary work started on 6 April 2021, the main construction work started on 7 January 2022 and the overall facility is scheduled to be commissioned the end of 2025. Kaprun has a long history in the construction of power stations. The Kaprun storage power stations in the 1950s were an outstanding engineering feat and is symbolic of the reconstruction efforts that took place in Austria in the wake of World War II. The power station facilities at the main and upper stage have been in existence since the 1950s and have since been continuously expanded. From 2006 to 2011 the all-year-round reservoirs Mooserboden and Wasserfallboden were extended to include the Limberg II pumped storage station. The group is currently expanding the Kaprun/Salzach power station group by building the Limberg III pumped storage station, for which the same design as Limberg II has been adopted for implementation purposes. In addition to the significant logistical challenges posed by the high mountain location of the construction site, this report also covers the tunnelling systems. x | |||||
Herzog, Peter; Voringer, Jürgen; Kühner, Walter; Reiter, Franz; Lang, Georg | The Tauernmoos pumped-storage hydro power plant - Energy storage for the Austrian railway / Das ÖBB-Kraftwerk Tauernmoos - Energiespeicher für die Bahn | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 491-501 | Topics |
AbstractIn 2004, ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG started the first studies for the construction of a pumped-storage hydro power plant between the two largest reservoirs of the existing Stubach Valley power plant group in Salzburg's Pinzgau region. Two reversible pump-turbine units including a full converter with a total capacity of 170 MW and a maximum flow of 80 m3/s are planned. The construction of the 335 million. euro project started in 2020 and will be completed by autumn 2025. In addition to a 50,000 m3 cavern, an 11.5 km tunnel system including the access tunnels and the power water ways have been built. Most of the 11.5 km tunnel system is situated in stable gneiss. A greater challenge is the construction of the two inlet and outlet structures in the high mountain region during the winter season, when the lakes can be held on the lowest reservoir level. Since the remaining construction work is also carried out at an altitude of 1500 to 2250 m above sea level in alpine terrain, the construction company has been facing recurring problems such as snow, cold, wind, mudslides and the associated logistical difficulties. Despite these challenges, the excavation work was completed in summer 2022. The main focus is currently placed on the concrete works in the cavern, which is scheduled to be completed in autumn 2023. This will be followed by the installation of mechanical and electrical equipment as well as the control systems. x | |||||
Schwalt, Markus; Stolz, Daniel | Witznau power station, grouting tests for upgrading the headrace tunnel / Kraftwerk Witznau, Verpressversuche zur Ertüchtigung des Druckstollens | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 502-514 | Topics |
AbstractIn response to spalling of concrete parts, the headrace tunnel was to be strengthened section by section and made fit for the years to come. Since little information was available on the condition of the tunnel and the cause of the spalling, possible damage patterns and causes were analyzed and grouting in combination with concrete rehabilitation were defined as strengthening measures. During a break in operation of approx. 2 months in June 2020, cement injections were tested in grouting trials in different variants to determine their suitability and optimize the parameters and the work to be carried out. The tests and the investigations carried out revealed interesting findings about the condition of the tunnel. The grouting was carried out at low pressure, at different distances and drilling depths, testing important parameters for the subsequent execution and enabling optimization. The porosity of the lining was significantly reduced by grouting, thus improving the quality of the shell. A before-and-after measurement with georadar investigation demonstrated the improvement of the lining due to the grouting. x | |||||
Perzlmaier, Sebastian; Holzmann, Michael; Bauer, Steffen | Foundation of the 140m high Kühtai Dam in the Längental valley / Zur Gründung des 140 m hohen Staudamms Kühtai im Längental | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 516-524 | Topics |
AbstractKühtai Dam is an embankment dam with a central earth core that is founded on rock. The rock surface is treated by shaping, adding dental concrete and, finally, grouting. A large excavation was required to expose the rock in the earth core foundation. Before starting the excavation, the Längentalbach stream had to be diverted. The upstream and downstream shells of Kühtai Dam are founded on the remaining overburden. Under the earth core, an inspection tunnel is located along the dam axis. The tunnel serves to accommodate measuring equipment and decouple fill and grout curtain works in terms of sequence of construction. In deviation from the tender project, the inspection gallery on each side of the valley is constructed as a combination of two conventional adits and two raise-boring shafts. To connect the adits and shafts, reinforced concrete structures are situated at half dam height, on which the earth core is founded directly similar to an inspection gallery in trench type. On the one hand, this adjustment is the result of a geological fault detected during the preliminary excavation works in 2020. The fault crosses the core footprint in the orographic left flank of the valley. On the other hand, the subdivision of the two long conventional shafts will eliminate the construction time constraint resulting from the requirement to not start grouting in the dam foundation until the conventional tunnelling below the dam has been completed. x | |||||
Thienert, Christian; Ouschan ?, Michael; Wenighofer, Robert; Könemann, Frank; Klaproth, Christoph; Gabriel, Patrick; Villeneuve, Marlene; Pechhacker, Robert | Potentials and limitations of using artificial intelligence to predict grouting parameters - Results of a case study in a tunnel project in Scandinavia / Potenziale und Grenzen der Prognose von Injektionsparametern mittels Künstlicher Intelligenz - Ergebnisse einer Fallstudie bei einem Tunnelprojekt in Skandinavien | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 525-534 | Topics |
AbstractGreat importance is attached to 'pressure-volume records' for the execution, documentation and billing of rock grouting. In this context, special digital data management systems are now available which can provide data in a structured and consistent format that is also suitable for artificial intelligence (AI) approaches. Using datasets from a tunnel project in Scandinavia, this paper shows that artificial neural networks can be used to reliably predict the evolution of pressure-volume records or the volume of grout injected at the end in the interests of construction site efficiency. Taking into account the technical feasibility of using AI to support tunnel grouting, we then show which contractual modifications would be required in order to make effective use of corresponding developments. x | |||||
Zirgulis, Giedrius; Ghafar, Ali Nejad; Chaudhari, Ojas Arun | Development of dynamic grouting under laboratory and field conditions | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 535-539 | Topics |
AbstractWhen it comes to underground structures, water ingress from the surrounding formations leads to several environmental, economic and sustainability issues. To obtain the sealing, the grouting of rock fractures is done. Today, in the grouting operations, which are commonly conducted in almost all the tunnel and subsurface infrastructure projects, the pressure applied is static. This type of applied pressure might be suitable for the large fracture apertures >100 &mgr;m, but it has been acknowledged that it is difficult to obtain sufficient penetration through smaller apertures, where filtration of cement particles starts to occur. Research is already done to overcome this issue by applying dynamic grouting pressure instead of static. It was proved that this approach erodes the formed filter cakes and improves grout penetrability in fractures below 100 &mgr;m. This research focuses on low-frequency rectangular pressure impulse as an alternative to other methods. The goal is to improve grout spread in micro-fractures (especially in apertures < 70 &mgr;m). During the investigation, a prototype dynamic injection equipment was built and tested under laboratory conditions. The 4 m variable aperture long slot (VALS) was used in the experiments to simulate rock fractures. The test showed better grout penetrability using dynamic pressure approach. At the current time of writing this article, preparation works are done for field test of prototype equipment at SKB Hard Rock Laboratory (HRL) at Äspö, Sweden. x | |||||
Maroschek, Philipp; Weber, Florian; Rathenböck, Florian; Özkoral, Florian | Automated execution and control of compensation grouting / Automatisierte Ausführung und Steuerung von Kompensationsinjektionen | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 540-549 | Topics |
AbstractConstruction projects such as the construction of a new metro system can require extensive compensation grouting measures for existing buildings. A comprehensive monitoring system and corresponding data management system (DMA) are crucial monitoring elements throughout the construction process. Elevation grouting prevents any impact the construction measures may have on buildings located in the vicinity. For this purpose, tubes-à-manchettes are installed in a tight grid underneath the buildings. Double packers are used to achieve stabilisation at an early stage, i.e. contact grouting. Therefore, if tunnel driving causes the subsoil to settle, elevation grouting can be introduced as a countermeasure. By using the data provided by water level gauges, the system automatically proposes a measure, which is transmitted to the grouting platform following the check and approval by the responsible engineer. The machine operator selects the sleeve and starts the fully automated grouting process. Each grouting process is recorded, transmitted to the DMS, analyzed in real time, checked and visualized. All parties involved in the project are able to view the data via the web platform at any time and are provided with comprehensive information. x | |||||
Gollegger, Johannes | Experience from pre-excavation and leakage closing injections obtained in the Follo Line Project | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 550-554 | Topics |
AbstractMore and more projects use single-shell segmental lining for rock support as well as water and frost protection. Unless the potential water pressure is very high, i.e., above several hundreds of meters, these lining structures are usually built as undrained fully watertight tunnels. The Follo Line Project included a considerable amount of pre-excavation grouting to reduce the water ingress during construction and invested a lot in injections to close leakage points after the tunnel excavation had finished. This article discusses the various types of injections and reflects critically the use of single-shell linings for tunnels with high water pressure. x | |||||
Di Salvo, Giuseppe; Granata, Raffaella | Grouting at Lonato tunnel | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 555-560 | Topics |
AbstractThe planned Brescia-Verona high-speed/high-capacity railway line is a key project of the Milan-Verona railway link. Between Brescia and Verona, the new line is about 48 km long, running mostly alongside the A4 highway. Near Lonato (south of Garda Lake), the line goes under A4 and other buildings and structures, through twin tunnels bored by the tunnel boring machine (TBM). The soil consolidation project is deemed necessary to protect the road from subsidence before the TBM is deployed. On site, the soil is extremely heterogeneous but always characterized by a silty sand matrix. The poor capacity of the soil to be permeated led to reshaping the borehole mesh and selecting both cementitious and silicate-based grout mixes designed to obtain rheological features leading to better permeation capability. The operation to prevent subsidence involved injecting some 10,000 m3 of grout mixture, through about 90, 000 m of sleeved pipes, in multi-directional geometries. x | |||||
Hauer, Hannes; Ekici, Zafer; Entfellner, Manuel; Puttinger, Andreas; Passmann, Svend; Hofmann, Thomas; Peintner, Christine; Wannenmacher, Helmut; Kratz, Thorsten | The drilling and grouting works at contract SBT 1.1 - Tunnel Gloggnitz / Die Bohr- und Injektionsarbeiten des Bauloses SBT 1.1 - Tunnel Gloggnitz | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 562-570 | Topics |
AbstractThe Semmering Base Tunnel (SBT), which has a total length of 27.3 km, is one of the most important construction projects in the Baltic-Adriatic railway corridor. The base tunnel crosses the foothills of the Eastern Alps and connects the two federal states of Lower Austria and Styria. Due to the complex rock conditions, extensive and novel grouting systems are used. The primary target of the grouting is to reduce the permeability of the rocks and reduce the water entry (peak water ingress in the tunnelling area up to 300 l/s), as well as to improve the rock mass strength in some parts. x | |||||
Buschendorf, Phil; Schorr, Joshua; Olarte, Andrés Alfonso Peña | Calculation of the failure probability of slopes with consideration of the soil variability / Berechnung der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit von Böschungen unter Berücksichtigung der Bodenvariabilität | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 572-581 | Topics |
AbstractThe soil is a heterogeneous three-phase system with varying mechanical properties. It is usually abstracted to a subsurface model with homogeneous layers. The basic data for this model are individual probings/boreholes. Assumptions are made to describe the structure of the unsampled areas and the general scatter of the soil properties within the layers is not taken into account. This results in an approximation of the real conditions, which leads to uncertainties. In order to compensate this, the soil variability can be covered by a number of different parameter combinations. In the field of geotechnical engineering, this approach is called the Random Finite Element Method (RFEM). x | |||||
Schneider-Muntau, Barbara; Dai, Xiaoru; Fellin, Wolfgang | Sensitivity analyses of the different influencing factors on numerical investigations of landslides / Sensitivitätsanalyse der unterschiedlichen Einflussfaktoren auf numerische Untersuchungen von Hangrutschungen | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 582-595 | Topics |
AbstractCalculation approaches, shear strength approaches, material parameters and external influences have a significant impact on the results of slope stability analyses. This influence can be quantified as influence on the safety factor in sensitivity analyses. As expected, a lower shear strength of the soil or a higher groundwater flow through a slope lead to lower factors of safety. In the two case studies considered here, it is evident that the parameter with the highest sensitivity of the safety factor is not unique. This most influencing parameter depends on the boundary conditions and the geometry of the landslide. In addition to the safety factor, the above parameters also strongly influence the geometry of the failure mechanism. Here, for example, different permeability coefficients for stratified soil and the consideration of a nonlinear shear strength criterium show significant changes in the failure geometry. Therefore, the modelled failure geometry has to be considered in addition to an certain safety factor for the validation of a landslide modelling. x | |||||
Czerwonka-Schröder, Daniel; Gaisecker, Thomas | The permanent three-dimensional data acquisition of geotechnical structures by means of a web-based application of terrestrial LiDAR sensors / Die permanente dreidimensionale Datenerfassung geotechnischer Strukturen mittels webbasierter Anwendung terrestrischer LiDAR-Sensorik | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 596-604 | Topics |
AbstractAs part of the i2MON research project, an integrated monitoring service was developed for the identification and evaluation of soil and slope movements in the context of coal mining. The focus was on the correct integration (to give reliability, accuracy and integrity) of a long-range laser scanner into a web-based monitoring system from an engineering geodetic point of view. A web-based application of terrestrial laser scanners has been developed by cooperation between DMT GmbH & Co. KG and RIEGL Laser Measurement Systems GmbH. x | |||||
Marte, Roman; Hofmann, Robert | Reservoirs and streams affected by slow moving landslides / Speicheranlagen und Wildbäche im Einflussbereich von langsam ablaufenden Großmassenbewegungen | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 605-616 | Topics |
AbstractSlow moving landslides are a common phenomenon in the Alps. Often built-up areas, infrastructure such as motorways, water storage or stream control structures are affected by such landslides. In this paper two case studies are discussed to present a decision-making system for the evaluation and handling of such slow-moving landslides. x |