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Rock bolting in tunnelling and mining has been used for more than 100 years. The mechanism of how anchors behave, application and patterns have evolved into standard practices for all types of underground excavation. Passive acting bolts and dowels, as well as the active pre-tensioned bolts act in a way to limit shear and are subject to tension, which nails the rock mass together. Injection is used in underground structures to manage water ingress and less often to reinforce the rock mass systematically. Typically, the injected cementitious material fills the cracks and fissures in the rock mass and increases the shear resistance within the treated area. The use of pumpable, thixotropic, water insensitive, fast reacting resins to encapsulate rock bolts potentially offers to combine the nailing and shear resisting effect of the bolts with an injection approach. When using an accurately controlled pressure and volume regime, the rock mass can be bonded together, resulting in a significant improvement of the overall rock mass properties. A new rock bolt anchoring resin has been developed to improve the efficiency of underground support combining the positive effects of rock bolting and injections as outlined above. The driving idea behind this concept and test results are discussed in this paper.

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No standards covering greenhouse gas (GHG) emission calculations caused by construction processes have been developed so far. This work makes a proposal for the calculation of greenhouse gas emissions originating from geotechnical works. This proposal is based on the standards ISO 14040 and ISO 14044. It shows a universal and flexible approach applicable for all kinds of geotechnical works and allows a reliable estimation of the greenhouse gas emissions. Finally, example calculations of two foundation methods (bored piles and vibro stone columns) of a project show the impact of the raw materials used to the total emission sum, leading to a massive reduction of greenhouse gas emissions with the vibro stone solution compared to the bored pile solution emissions.

Berechnung der Treibhausgasemissionen bei Spezialtiefbauarbeiten.
Für die Berechnung der aus Bautätigkeiten herrührenden Treibhausgasemissionen gibt es bis dato keinen universellen Ansatz. Es wird ein Vorschlag zur Ermittlung von Treibhausgasemissionen bei Spezialtiefbauarbeiten gemacht, angelehnt an die Normen ISO 14040 und ISO 14044. Der vorgestellte Berechnungsansatz ist auf jede Art von Spezialtiefbauarbeiten anwendbar und führt zu einer zuverlässig genauen Abschätzung der Treibhausgasemissionen von Spezialtiefbauarbeiten. Die abschließende Gegenüberstellung der Treibhausgasemissionen zweier Gründungsvarianten (Bohrpfähle und Rüttelstopfverdichtung) eines Bauvorhabens zeigt, dass das verwendete Baumaterial einen großen Einfluss auf die Treibhausgasbilanz hat. Gegenüber einer Bohrpfahllösung kann durch den Einsatz der Rüttelstopfverdichtung eine massive Reduzierung der Treibhausgasemissionen erreicht werden.

In 2007 the Austrian architectural firm Coop Himmelb(l)au won an international competition with its design idea for a monolithic, “slightly twisted” structure with a multifunctional façade. This design has been largely retained. The organization of the volumes and the urban planning positioning could also be essentially implemented.
As a cultural centre, the building unites two independent institutions under one roof: the Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) and the Planning Exhibition (PE). Both institutions are housed in rectangular volumes under a covered plaza. Also included are community areas such as an auditorium, conference rooms, multifunctional exhibition halls and service areas. Ramps and escalators lead from the large entrance area to the main level at +10 m. This marks the starting point for tours of the museums. There is a silvery, shiny, softly shaped “cloud” in the centre which accommodates a café, bookstores and a museum shop. It also connects the exhibition rooms over several floors via bridges and ramps.
The transparent façade highlights the main entrance and circulation zone between the two buildings and allows unobstructed views between the inside and outside. The open, column-free exhibition areas with heights from 6 to 17 m also strengthen the impression of a generous design concept.