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Practical examples of modern architecture in the western hemisphere based on structural compositions of steel and glass have been presented several times in recent years. In doing so, their theoretical background has also been discussed. This paper focuses on the relevant architectural manifestations in Japan. Buildings for commercial and public use are the sole interest here - with special emphasis on the ultramodern character of their design. It is planned to consider infrastructure elements such as railway stations and airport structures in a future article.

In the design and making of complex architectural systems, sheet metal is still predominantly used as a cladding material. The objective here is to integrate innovative digital and analogue methodologies to develop a design system for a self-supporting lightweight structure entirely based on the use of sheet metal as a construction material.
A digital working methodology which is informed by fabrication techniques, material behavior and structural performance allows for a highly precise product and a coherent fabrication process.

This paper describes the design and construction of the unique widening of a concrete arch bridge over the River Ohe using a lightweight steel superstructure. The bridge reconstruction formed part of the wider reconstruction measures for road I/6, including its upgrade from a two- to a four-lane highway, near Loket between Nové Sedlo and Sokolov in the north-west of the Czech Republic. Details of the erection of the steel structure and the strengthening of the concrete arch and piers are also given.

This bridge, which connects Slivenec with Lahovice, is the project that completes the highway bypass south of Prague, in the Lochkov Valley. The bridge structure is 425.3 m long, 35 m wide and reaches a maximum height of almost 65 m. From both the architectural and engineering points of view, the bridge is an unusual design, with a curved composite structure supported by inclined concrete piers in the central span.

This paper deals with the parameters for choosing the materials for fastening screws used in connections involving thin-walled sections and thin sheeting. Different types of corrosion processes and repeated bending due to thermal elongation are identified as the most important parameters; these are explained in detail here. Based on that, some general recommendations for choice of material are given.

A study into the feasibility of monopile foundations at sites in the North Sea with water depths as great as 35 m has been carried out in which various options for the geometric configuration and the selection of material were considered. In parameter studies, simplified design methods were applied to assess the effects of the individual load components at the draft design stage. The fatigue limit state becomes more and more relevant as the water depth increases; therefore, dynamic effects must be examined with special care. Turbine concepts with low RNA mass and low rated speed help to achieve the desired design in the soft-stiff regime. As a result, it can be said that monopile foundations with their great manufacturing advantages can be constructed for water depths beyond the current limits of practical experience if the logistical challenges in handling large masses are solved.

The technology of assembling the roof over the stadium built in Gdan´sk for the EURO 2012 European Football Championship is discussed here. The stadium has a characteristic silhouette - its shape and the colours of the façade resemble a cut block of amber. The steel roof structure has a quasi-elliptical form, with a maximum diameter of 220 m and minimum diameter of 187 m. It is 38 m high and the roof girders extend 48 m over the grandstand below. The roof structure weights 7150 t and was assembled in 226 days.

The Institute of Peace’s new facility, a modern conference and an interactive educational center dedicated to the theme of peacemaking, faces the National Mall in Washington, DC and is within sight of the Lincoln, World War II, Korean, and Vietnam Veterans memorials. The building is organized around two atria, one part facing the Potomac River, the other the Mall and the Lincoln Memorial. The north atrium serves as the centerpiece for the spaces devoted to the organization’s work and research, and the south-facing atrium is focused on public programs and conferences. The roof of the building features a series of undulating, wing-like elements constructed of steel frame and white translucent glass forming an image resembling the wings of a dove. The glass appears opaque and white during the day and glows gently from within at night.
The two roofs and four curtain wall façades have been designed, fabricated and installed by seele, being responsible for the realization. Optimisation of conceptual design, structural and detailed design for the free forms of the self-supporting shell structures and the vertical facades was conducted by Knippers Helbig, Advanced Engineering.

Between 1933 and 1938, some 50 Vierendeel-type welded road bridges were erected in Belgium to provide crossings over the Albert Canal or the Campine canals. They were the first significant applications of electric arc welding in Belgium and constitute the majority of the large welded bridges built at that time in Belgium. It was the heyday of the Vierendeel bridge, which had been invented in 1895 but which had found only limited applications before 1930, with less than 40 built in Belgium and Congo in 30 years. But this rapid application of welding to structural steelwork encountered many problems that were probably overlooked in the climate of euphoria surrounding bridge-building. In March 1938 the Hasselt Bridge suffered a brittle failure. This is generally regarded as the first brittle failure of a large all-welded structure and received much attention at that time. But in 1940 at least three other bridges of this series were also badly fractured and there are indications that some others also experienced serious cracking problems. This paper places theses accidents in perspective in the long story of brittle failures.

One key project in the Chinese city of Fuzhou is Langqi Min River Bridge, which connects the business and technology district with downtown Fuzhou. The main bridge is a twin-pylon cable-stayed structure with a main span of 680 m and a steel box girder. This paper presents the detailed design features of the bridge, including foundations, anti-ship collision devices, pylons, steel box girder and stay cables.

Based on findings from Büchenauer Bridge (1956), the North Elbe Bridge in Hamburg (1963) and the bridge over the Rhine at Leverkusen (1965), Homberg designed and engineered the Friedrich Ebert Bridge across the River Rhine. This was the first bridge in the world with cables that distribute instead of concentrate the load transfer, and thus define the bridge deck as a continuous, elastically supported element and not as a beam on point supports.
After the building of major bridges declined in Germany, Homberg became active in France, and later rounded off his work with multi-cable-stayed bridges in the UK. That work resulted in the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge (1991), Homberg’s late magnum opus.
This article contains a complete catalogue of Homberg’s multi-cable-stayed bridges and discusses for the first time previously unpublished designs by Homberg. These prove that he had already moved on from the classic cable-stayed bridge to the general multi-span cable-stayed bridge as early as 1963.

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Literature of modelling steel frames in 3D using beam finite elements is presented. The development of member modelling is described first followed by joint modelling. The review ends with a brief introduction of the 3D component model for end plate joints. The next part includes three examples of the 3D component method: base bolt joint, beam- to-column joint and member splice joint.

The Emirate of Abu Dhabi is planning for the post-oil era, so education plays a central role in its Master Plan 2030. The new building complex of the Zayed University, intended for 6,000 students, is located in the future Capital District directly on the important connecting road between the Abu Dhabi international airport and the old town peninsular.
Hamburg architects BRT’s (Bothe Richter Teherani) symbolism-rich design moulds the 100.000 m2 GFA ensemble of buildings in the central area into a huge sculpture. The linking element is a jointless free-form roof of 8,000 tonnes of steel with aluminium cladding whose shape and lightness echoes the traditional Arabic chador.
A very short time for design and construction required close cooperation within the international team set up by a main contractor. The project required mastering of numerous engineering challenges, different design philosophies, difficult interfaces between design and construction works on a huge construction site with up to 8,000 workers running in parallel to the design works.

Currently, natural gas with 25 % share of fossil fuels is a very important energy resource. Many gas reserves contain natural gas with a proportion of up to 35 % of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), which can cause hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC).
This paper discusses the development, production and properties of a new steel grade X-COR (eXtra CORosionresistant) for welded pressure vessels, which fit the actual requirements according different standards for pressure vessel steels with up to 355 MPa minimum yield strength very well. The outstanding HIC-resistance is achieved in normalized and stress relieved condition up to a plate thickness of 50 mm. Additionally, important aspects regarding processing behaviour and application of X-COR are highlighted.

The following paper is based on a lecture, hold by Magdalene Weiss (gmp von Gerkan, Marg und partner) and Sven Plieninger (schlaich bergermann und partner) at Tongji University Shanghai on 30th November 2011.

Temporary covered areas in Greece are seen as an open space, and so allow a higher usage of the land. The goal during the design was to find a light roof with direct view to the blue sky. The solution is a north light roof with highly translucent membrane panels and with a transparent cladding on the north side of the parallel steel girders to allow the direct view, and the entrance of the cool northern light.

Sliding isolation pendulum bearings, known as seismic isolators, with adaptations for the service condition, represent improved recentring bridge bearings. They are an attractive alternative to elastomeric bearings for the support of structures on recentring bearings, which lead to a better distribution of horizontal loads as well as to a reduction in constraints. In combination with a special sliding material and characterized by long life and high loadbearing capacity, sliding isolation pendulum bearings have small dimensions as well as the capability a exact presetting and for horizontal stiffness that is independent of load capacity, change of material characteristics due to temperature, ageing and manufacture. Further, the requirements in terms of serviceability of a bridge bearing are upheld.

Warsaw, the capital of Poland, is developing into an important metropolis of Central Europe. With approx. 1.7 million inhabitants, Warsaw is one of the biggest cities and an important centre for traffic, economy and trade in Central and Eastern Europe, and within the European Union (Fig. 1). Warsaw is the principal focus of investment in Poland and of great political and cultural significance.
The cityscape is characterized by the historic old town, by landmarks such as the Culture and Convention Centre and above all by the River Vistula which runs right through Warsaw and divides the city in a natural way.

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No short description available.