Artikeldatenbank
Autor(en) | Titel | Zeitschrift | Ausgabe | Seite | Rubrik |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Herrenknecht, Martin; Thewes, Markus; Budach, Christoph | The development of earth pressure shields: from the beginning to the present / Entwicklung der Erddruckschilde: Von den Anfängen bis zur Gegenwart | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 1/2011 | 11-35 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe development of earth pressure shields started in 1974. The processing of the ground into an earth pressure support medium originally required that it mostly consisted of mixed and finegrained soil with at least 30 % silt and clay. Since then, the process technology has been the subject of constant further development and the scope of application has been considerably widened. Currently more than 90 % of the shield machines worldwide are being used with active face support as earth pressure shields in the whole spectrum of soils, in hard rock and also in transitional areas with mixed face conditions. The current state of technology for earth pressure shields is based on a range of important development steps, which are summarised in this paper from the beginnings until today. Projects are described where important earth pressure shield innovations were used for the first time. The development of earth pressure shields is supplemented with an overview of the process technology, possible operating modes, areas of application and also current research work. x | |||||
Lauffer, H. | The development of the NATM - a historical review / Die Entwicklung der NÖT - ein geschichtlicher Rückblick | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2010 | 763-772 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe NATM is essentially a way of thinking rather than a construction method; we could also say a school of tunnelling. Understanding of the NATM depends on the era, local preferences and traditions and also on the particular interpretation by the responsible person. Accordingly, national versions of the NATM or similar tunnelling methods have been developed all over the world. The main theme of the NATM is the use of the load-bearing capacity of the rock mass and the control of support measures based on the interpretation of observations and measurements. This adaptability of the tunnelling method to the conditions observed is typical for the NATM and requires a correspondingly adaptable construction contract with clear assignment of risk. The development of the NATM has been decisively influenced by the improvements in shotcrete technology and the use of new support measures like rock bolts, pipe umbrellas and yielding elements. Three-dimensional measurement of the deformation of the cavity today enables comprehensible control of NATM drives. The introduction of the ÖGG guideline for the geotechnical design of underground structures by cyclical construction in 2001 provided a regulation for the comprehensible engineering design and construction of underground structures. The conditions of contract for underground construction B2203-1978 already contained provisions for the agreement of “rock quality classes” between the client and the contractor. The B2203-1994 introduced the model of a tunnelling matrix. This provides an unambiguous and transparent basis for estimation and invoicing. x | |||||
Schubert, W. | The Development of the Observational Method | Geomechanik und Tunnelbau | 5/2008 | 352-357 | Fachthemen |
KurzfassungA continuous observation during construction always has been an important element of geotechnical engineering for minimizing risks. The reasons are the uncertainties in the geological and geotechnical models, as well as the limited capability to sufficiently accurately describe the complex ground behaviour. In the early days design of geotechnical structures thus was mainly based on experience. As usual, experience was used to develop mathematical solutions to the problem. To account for the inherent scatter of parameters and uncertainties in the models, the assumptions made during design had and have to be verified or falsified during construction by observations. For safe and economical construction, the design has to be adjusted during construction to the actual conditions. The term “observational method” was first formally introduced by Peck and Terzaghi. The original ideas behind the method have not always been understood or followed. After a brief historical review of the observational method the current status of the method is critically reviewed, and further developments discussed. x | |||||
The diamond-shaped roof of the Vienna Central Railway Station* | Steel Construction | 4/2012 | 266-267 | Reports | |
Hauer, Hannes; Ekici, Zafer; Entfellner, Manuel; Puttinger, Andreas; Passmann, Svend; Hofmann, Thomas; Peintner, Christine; Wannenmacher, Helmut; Kratz, Thorsten | The drilling and grouting works at contract SBT 1.1 - Tunnel Gloggnitz / Die Bohr- und Injektionsarbeiten des Bauloses SBT 1.1 - Tunnel Gloggnitz | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2022 | 562-570 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe Semmering Base Tunnel (SBT), which has a total length of 27.3 km, is one of the most important construction projects in the Baltic-Adriatic railway corridor. The base tunnel crosses the foothills of the Eastern Alps and connects the two federal states of Lower Austria and Styria. Due to the complex rock conditions, extensive and novel grouting systems are used. The primary target of the grouting is to reduce the permeability of the rocks and reduce the water entry (peak water ingress in the tunnelling area up to 300 l/s), as well as to improve the rock mass strength in some parts. x | |||||
Straube, Berit; Schoch, Torsten | The durability of autoclaved aerated concrete / Dauerhaftigkeit von Porenbeton | Mauerwerk | 3/2014 | 239-245 | Fachthemen |
KurzfassungIn order to be able to better assess the durability of autoclaved aerated concrete, a number of research activities have been carried out in the past. As a result of these studies, a new requirement was defined for autoclaved aerated concrete. The overall shrinkage rate, tested according to DIN EN 680, must be smaller than 0.4 mm/m. This article describes and discusses contributing factors and the background to this new requirement. x | |||||
Mazzolani, F. M.; Mandara, A. | The EC 9 Design Provisions for Aluminium Shells: Background and Development | Stahlbau | 9/2006 | 729-736 | Fachthemen |
KurzfassungThe new Part 1-5 of Eurocode 9, shaped within the activity of CEN/TC 250/SC9 Committee chaired by F. M. Mazzolani, is the very first issue specifically devoted to shell structures made of aluminium alloys in the field of European codification. Because of this, the new document marks a major advance in the codification on shells for both civil and industrial use, thus filling a gap in which important applications were till now not adequately covered by any reference standard. This paper summarises the genesis and the development of the prEN 1999-1-5 document dealing with aluminium shells, starting from the beginning in 2002, until to the achievement of Stage 49 in December 2005. At the same time, the main features of the new code are highlighted and critically discussed. Die Bemessungsregeln von EC 9 für Schalentragwerke aus Aluminium: Hintergrund und Entwicklung. Der neue Teil 1-5 von Eurocode 9 wurde im Rahmen der Tätigkeiten des Komitee CEN/TC 250/SC9, dessen Vorsitzender F.M. Mazzolani ist, gestaltet. Im europäischen Regelwerk ist dies der erste Teil, der speziell für Schalentragwerke aus Aluminiumlegierungen vorgesehen ist. Deshalb kennzeichnet dieses neue Dokument, das hinsichtlich wichtiger, bisher durch keine Bezugsnorm angemessen behandelter Anwendungen eine Lücke schließt, einen bedeutenden Fortschritt im Regelwerk für Schalen baulicher und industrieller Art. Dieser Aufsatz faßt vom Beginn im Jahre 2002 bis zur Erreichung von Stadium 49 im Dezember 2005 die Entstehungsgeschichte und Entwicklung des Aluminiumschalen behandelnden Dokumentes prEN1999-1-5 zusammen. Zugleich werden die wesentlichen Merkmale der neuen Vorschrift hervorgehoben und kritisch diskutiert. x | |||||
Na, Okpin; Xi, Yunping; Ou, Edward; Saouma, Victor E. | The effects of alkali-silica reaction on the mechanical properties of concretes with three different types of reactive aggregate | Structural Concrete | 1/2016 | 74-83 | Technical Papers |
KurzfassungThis paper investigates the degradation of the mechanical properties of concretes made with three types of aggregate affected by alkali-silica reaction (ASR). Three standard testing methods - ASTM C289, JASS 5N T-603 and ASTM C1260 - were used to identify the reactivity of ASR of the three aggregates selected. The test results show that all three aggregates are potentially deleterious. A new acceleration method based on JASS 5N T-603 and ASTM C1260 was proposed for concrete specimens. In the acceleration method, cylindrical concrete specimens were used, additional alkali material was added to the concrete mixture and the specimens were stored under conditions similar to ASTM C1260. The preconditioned concrete specimens were then used for evaluating the mechanical properties of the ASR-affected concrete in terms of strength and stiffness. The test results show that special attention must be paid to the effects of two opposing mechanisms on the strength and stiffness of concrete: hydration reactions and ASR. Hydration reactions enhance the mechanical properties, whereas ASR does the opposite. The changes in length of concrete specimens were also measured, which showed that the basic trends for change in length and mechanical properties may be different. It is better to examine the effect of ASR on both change in length and mechanical properties. The size and reactivity of the aggregate are very important factors for the mechanical properties of ASR-affected concretes. Within the two-month testing period, the reactive fine aggregate might cause ASR expansion and the reactive coarse aggregates might not. x | |||||
The efficiency of HFMI treatment and TIG remelting for extending the fatigue life of existing welded structures | Stahlbau | 7/2021 | 516 | Empfehlungen der Redaktion | |
Al-Karawi, Hassan; Al-Emrani, Mohammad | The efficiency of HFMI treatment and TIG remelting for extending the fatigue life of existing welded structures | Steel Construction | 2/2021 | 95-106 | Articles |
KurzfassungDifferent post-weld treatment methods have been developed to enhance the fatigue strength of welded steel structures and extend the service lives of their components. High-frequency mechanical impact (HFMI) treatment and tungsten inert gas (TIG) remelting are two methods that have attracted considerable interest in recent decades. This paper presents the results of a study of fatigue life extension for pre-fatigued welded steel details which can be achieved using HFMI treatment and TIG remelting. More than 250 fatigue test results were collected - including different details such as butt welds, longitudinal attachments, transverse attachments and cover plate attachments. HFMI treatment was found to extend the life considerably when the specimens treated were free from cracks or when existing cracks were < 2.25 mm deep. TIG remelting could extend fatigue lives even with cracks > 4 mm deep. In comparison to TIG remelting, HFMI treatment results in a longer fatigue life extension for pre-fatigued details, provided existing cracks are < 2.25 mm deep. Regarding TIG remelting, the depth of possible remaining cracks was found to be a substantial parameter when assessing the degree of life extension. x | |||||
The elephant will fly and see with the eagle eyes | Beton- und Stahlbetonbau | 7/2013 | 486 | Aktuell | |
Ertl, Hannes; Hechenblaickner, Kurt | The Emerald Book - A milestone on the road to the future / Das Emerald-Book - Ein Meilenstein auf dem Weg in die Zukunft | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2021 | 794-800 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe Emerald Book as a joint work of ITA and FIDIC is the first international standard for contracts in tunnelling and shows the necessity and the need for such regulations. The Geotechnical Baseline Report is the key element and can be combined with Austrian regulations such as ÖN B2203 and the guidelines of the Austrian Society for Geomechanics. Characterised by a balanced risk sharing and embedded in the FIDIC suite, the Emerald Book is an attractive alternative to Central European contracts. x | |||||
The EUR.Ing. Project | Steel Construction | 2/2009 | 77 | News | |
The European Prize for Architecture 2015: Laureate Santiago Calatrava | Steel Construction | 4/2015 | 229 | People | |
Hufschmied, P.; Brunner, A. | The exploitation of warm tunnel water through the example of the Lötschberg Base Tunnel in Switzerland / Nutzung warmer Tunnelwässer am Beispiel des Lötschberg-Basistunnels in der Schweiz | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2010 | 647-657 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe drainage of the north side of the Lötschberg Base Tunnel in the Bernese Oberland in Switzerland continuously produces about 100 litres of water per second at about 20 °C. This water is discharged into the local river Kander. In order to protect wetland areas and water rights, the responsible authorities imposed limitations on the quantity of drainage from the tunnel. At the same time, the warming of the Kander by the discharged groundwater has to be limited to 0.5 °C to protect the lake trout from the Thunersee lake, which swim up the Kander to spawn. Particularly in the cold winter months when the water flow in the Kander is low, this requires the withdrawal of about 4 MW of thermal energy, or the cooling of the groundwater by about 10 °C. Instead of artificial cooling, the Tropenhaus Frutigen in combination with a local heating network exploits the warm groundwater for sturgeon farming together with tropical green houses. A high added value is achieved through sustainable use with polycultures, closed circulations and the use of alternative energies. The project has aroused great interest nationally and internationally. x | |||||
Schneider, Alex; Tanner, Simon | The Eyholz Tunnel for the Visp southern bypass / Der Tunnel Eyholz der Südumfahrung Visp | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 2/2012 | 120-134 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe Visp bypass is an important link on the Swiss national road A9 from Lausanne to Brig-Glis in the Canton of Valais, which is being improved to provide continuous dual carriageway. About 7 km of the alignment of this 8.8 km long section of the A9 will run through tunnels, with the core structures being the 4.2 km Eyholz Tunnel and the 3.2 km Visp Tunnel. Altogether five underground junction structures have to be constructed for the Visp bypass, of which three will be newly excavated and two are enlargements of the existing Vispertal Tunnel. The following report only deals with the Eyholz Tunnel, which has already been largely excavated. Construction of the main contract of the Visp Tunnel is planned to start in 2012. x | |||||
Fernández-Ordóñez, David | The fib and the development of structural concrete | Structural Concrete | 2/2016 | 133-134 | Editorials |
The finite element method. Fifth edition (O. C. Zienkiewicz, R. L. Taylor) | Bautechnik | 2/2002 | 122-123 | Bücher | |
Marchetti, Diego; Fabris, Carla; Schweiger, Helmut F. | The Flat Dilatometer and Seismic Dilatometer for in situ testing / In-situ-Versuche mit Flat Dilatometer und seismischem Dilatometer | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 4/2019 | 306-317 | Topics |
KurzfassungIn the last decades there has been a massive migration from laboratory testing to in situ testing, to the point that, today, in situ testing is often the major part of a geotechnical investigation. In particular direct-push in situ tests, such as Cone Penetration Test (CPT) and the Flat Dilatometer Test (DMT), are fast and convenient in situ tests for routine site investigation. The scope of this paper is to describe the DMT and its recent updates, in particular the Seismic Dilatometer Test (SDMT) for measuring shear and compression wave velocities and the automated dilatometer probe (Medusa DMT). An Example of SDMT test results and its application to derive soil stiffness parameters are shown, as well as the result of a class-A prediction of an anchor pull-out test, which was calibrated with the SDMT profile. x | |||||
Majowiecki, M. | The Free Form Design (FFD) in steel structural architecture - aesthetic values and reliability | Steel Construction - Design and Research | 1/2008 | 3-15 | Articles |
Götz, David | The Fréjus rescue tunnel / Rettungsstollen Fréjus | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2014 | 685-692 | Topics |
KurzfassungIn order to upgrade to the latest safety regulations, a rescue tunnel is being constructed parallel to the existing 12.9 km long, single bore Fréjus Tunnel. A particular challenge to the mechanised tunnel drive is the alignment through squeezing rock mass in places. In order to overcome the squeezing sections, various technical and organisational measures have been implemented during the course of the project. x | |||||
Nipitsch, Gernot; Pacher, Wolfgang | The Fröschnitzgraben contract - Challenges in shaft sinking, construction logistics and landfill / Das Baulos Fröschnitzgraben - Herausforderungen beim Schachtabteufen, der Baulogistik und der Deponie | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2017 | 678-685 | Topics |
KurzfassungContract SBT2.1 Tunnel Fröschnitzgraben is the central and longest construction section of the Semmering Base Tunnel, including 13 km of tunnelling from the intermediate access in Fröschnitzgraben towards Gloggnitz and Mürzzuschlag. The approx. 4 km long section towards Mürzzuschlag is being excavated by drill and blast, and the 9 km section towards Gloggnitz is being driven by two tunnel boring machines. Before the start of the actual construction of the running tunnels, the two shafts about 400 m deep had to be sunk using an innovative concept. Considerable changes are also noticeable above ground: the filling level of the landfill site in Longsgraben is rising constantly. x | |||||
Bauer, M. | The future of the NATM - Die Zukunft der NÖT | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2010 | 794-801 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe technical development of the new Austrian tunnelling method has made decisive progress in recent decades, although mostly unnoticed by the general public. There is little reason for worry regarding possible or necessary technical developments in the future. What is dangerous for the construction method is the increasing concentration of the people involved in the project on purely contractual discussions, while the necessary collaboration on technical development is ever less important, as is the role of the technicians and engineers. In order to counter this and ensure the future of this method of construction, the essential and unaltered basic principles of the NATM and the role of the engineers must retain their former importance. There are a few positive examples, which point to the development potential and the constraints, which will be necessary in the future. x | |||||
Steiner, M.; Schweiger, H.; Eder, M. | The Ganzstein tunnel 1971 to 2008 - from preliminary design to completion / Der Ganzsteintunnel 1971 bis 2008 - vom ersten Entwurf zum Vollausbau | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 1/2009 | 33-46 | Topics |
KurzfassungAsfinag Baumanagement GmbH has been commissioned to construct the second tube of the Ganzstein tunnel. After completion, it will be possible to travel the entire length of the S6 expressway on dual carriageway. This investment will improve the connection of the industrial area of the Upper Steiermark with the Vienna Basin and also improve the traffic safety of the busy route. The article describes the current state of the construction works and also makes comparisons with the first tube of the tunnel, which was opened in 1980. x | |||||
Meng, Xin; Toffolon, Andrea; Gardner, Leroy; Taras, Andreas | The generalised slenderness-based resistance method for the design of CHS and EHS | Steel Construction | 4/2019 | 342-353 | Articles |
KurzfassungSelected, extended paper from the SDSS 2019 special session ECCS/TC8 - Structural Stability x |