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Geißler, KarstenSicherheit, Robustheit, Duktilität, Ermüdungssicherheit und Dauerhaftigkeit der Tragwerke - eine GrundsatzdiskussionStahlbau3/2019270-293Aufsätze

Kurzfassung

Herrn Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wolfgang Graße zur Vollendung des 80. Lebensjahres gewidmet
Wissenschaftler und Ingenieure bauen immer auf Wissen und Erfahrungen vorheriger Generationen auf. Deshalb ist es ein großes Glück, wenn man ein wichtiges Stück auf dem oft schwierigen Weg der Erkenntnis geführt wurde. Dies verpflichtet zu großem Dank.
Robustheit, Duktilität und Dauerhaftigkeit sollte der Ingenieur neben der Zuverlässigkeit immer im Hinterkopf haben, wenn er ein Tragwerk entwirft. Deshalb werden die Grundlagen des Sicherheitskonzepts für Tragwerke in Verbindung mit diesen wichtigen Einflussgrößen werkstoffübergreifend diskutiert. Hauptziel des Aufsatzes ist, die im Titel angesprochenen und oft unabhängig voneinander diskutierten Aspekte qualitativ aus Sicht des Bauingenieurs darzustellen und quantitative Verknüpfungen herauszuarbeiten.
Es wird erläutert, wie die erforderliche Bauteil-Zuverlässigkeit - als Zielwert der Bemessung sowie aktuell häufig auch der Nachrechnung - innerhalb eines Tragsystems, abhängig von dessen Redundanzen und der Duktilität der Bauteile, ohne Minderung der Ziel-Zuverlässigkeit des Tragwerks rechnerisch modifiziert werden kann. Die Theorie zur Berechnung der Wahrscheinlichkeit der vorhandenen Duktilität eines Bauteils wird für den allgemeinen Fall hybrider Bauteile angegeben und damit die Grundlage beschrieben, wie duktiles Verhalten gegenüber verformungsarmem Verhalten hinsichtlich der erforderlichen Sicherheitsbeiwerte abzustufen ist. Weiterhin wird dargelegt, wie ausreichende Duktilität der Bauteile als notwendige Bedingung für die Ausnutzung von Umlagerungsvermögen innerhalb des Tragsystems direkt in die Berechnung der Versagenswahrscheinlichkeit des Tragsystems einfließen kann.

Safety, robustness, ductility, fatigue safety and durability of building structures - a basic discussion
Robustness, ductility and durability should always be kept in mind by the engineer in addition to safety during designing a structure. Therefore, the basics of the reliability concept for structures in connection with these important influencing factors are discussed across materials. The main aim is to qualitatively discuss the aspects presented in the title, often discussed independently of each other, from the point of view of the civil engineer and to work out quantitative links.
It is explained how the required reliability of the member - as a target value of the design as well as the recalculation - within the structure, depending on its redundancies and the ductility of the members, can be modified without reducing the target reliability of the structure. The theory for the direct reliability calculation of the ductility is given for the general case of hybrid members, which is the basis to regrade ductile against deformation-poor behavior. Furthermore, it is explained how sufficient ductility of the members as a necessary condition for the utilization of rearrangement within the system can be yielded directly into the calculation of probability of failure of the structure.

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Rubin, HelmutLösung und Gewinner der Weihnachtspreisaufgabe 2018Stahlbau3/2019294-299Weihnachtspreisaufgabe

Kurzfassung

Keine Kurzfassung verfügbar.

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Stahlbau aktuell 3/2019Stahlbau3/2019300-311Stahlbau aktuell

Kurzfassung


Im Gespräch:
Dietmar Feichtinger

Aktuell: BIM-Leitfaden für den Mittelstand. Wie viel BIM verträgt ein Mittelstandsprojekt?
Konzert für Ingenieure ohne Grenzen - Band Baulärm am 4. Mai in München

Veranstaltungen: Rückblick: Die BAU 2019 in München

Rezension: Über Konstruktionen und architektonische Formen - eine Neuauflage der Dissertation von Dietmar Grötzebach von 1963

Einen Besuch wert: Klimahaus Bremerhaven 8° Ost
Bauforumstahl News

Termin: 40. Deutscher Stahlbautag

Bauforumstahl News
Wirtschaftsbericht Stahlbau III. Quartal 2018
Kalkulationshilfe Kosten im Stahlbau in 6. Auflage erschienen
Umwelt-Produktdeklaration (EPD) für Baustähle erneuert

Persönliches
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Wolfgang Graße zum 80. Geburtstag
Zum 80. von Prof. Graße: Ein Rückblick von Thomas Klähne

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Kongresse - Symposien - Seminare - MessenStahlbau3/2019311-312Veranstaltungskalender

Kurzfassung

Keine Kurzfassung verfügbar.

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Content: Steel Construction 3/2019Steel Construction3/2019Contents

Kurzfassung

Keine Kurzfassung verfügbar.

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Cover Picture: Steel Construction 3/2019Steel Construction3/20191Cover Pictures

Kurzfassung

The new intercity line Toluca - Mexico City has a length of 57.7 km. The daily passenger estimate is about 230,000 to 300,000. The investment volume amounts to 2.5 bn US$. Its special feature is the MAURER seismic protection system for two long viaducts. The company installs for this purpose so-called guided cross-ties, the first absolutely earthquake-proof railroad bridge expansion joints. Together with a complex system consisting of bearings, dampers and elastomeric spring isolators they ensure structural stability, function and safety for various load cases: from braking and acceleration forces in normal operation to the Maximum Considered Earthquake (MCE). MAURER startet to work for this project in 2016. The last step scheduled is the installation of the guided cross-ties at viaduct 4 in the third quarter of 2020. (© MAURER SE)

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Jönsson, JeppeNordic Steel 2019 CopenhagenSteel Construction3/2019173Editorials

Kurzfassung

Keine Kurzfassung verfügbar.

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Samyn, PhilippeStructural engineering and embodied energySteel Construction3/2019174-175Editorials

Kurzfassung

Keine Kurzfassung verfügbar.

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Müller, Andreas; Taras, AndreasOn the post-buckling rotational capacity of square hollow sections in uniform bending - An initial study of the impact of initial imperfections on deformation pathsSteel Construction3/2019176-183Articles

Kurzfassung

Nominated for the Bernt Johansson Outstanding Paper Awards at Nordic Steel 2019
The growing popularity of high-strength steel grades leads to the need for more accurate design specifications, with the aim of fully exploiting the material benefits and creating economic advantages. According to Eurocode 3, the maximum rotational capacity of a section is limited and linked to the definition of cross-sectional classes. For class 1, the rotational limit &thgr; is assumed to be “infinite”, whereas it drops significantly for classes 2 and 3 to a maximum rotation of &phgr;pl and &phgr;el, respectively. In reality, despite their lower hardening capacity and ultimate strains, high-strength steel sections exhibit a non-negligible rotational capacity that exceeds these code predictions, which were developed for mild steel and with a level of analysis in mind that is suitable for hand calculations. In order to achieve greater use of high-strength steel sections, it is thus very important to understand and be able to predict a section's deformation and rotational capacity more accurately, with the aim of implementing the findings in tools for advanced, FEM-based design by analysis (DbA) approaches. As an initial step in this direction, this paper shows the results from numerical calculations of the rotational capacity of HSS rectangular hollow sections. The numerical results were calibrated against laboratory tests. Consequently, different rectangular cross-section dimensions and variations of the steel grade and thickness were chosen and analysed in the ABAQUS finite element software.

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Vigneri, Valentino; Odenbreit, Christoph; Lam, DennisDifferent load bearing mechanisms in headed stud shear connectors for composite beams with profiled steel sheetingSteel Construction3/2019184-190Articles

Kurzfassung

Nominated for the Bernt Johansson Outstanding Paper Awards at Nordic Steel 2019
The current design rules of EN 1994-1-1 covering headed stud shear connectors for composite beams with profiled sheeting lead, in some cases, to an overestimation of the load bearing capacity. Owing to their empirical nature, these equations are not able to capture the real behaviour of the connector. Therefore, the load bearing mechanisms of the shear connection are identified in this work with the support of experimental and numerical results. According to the static system proposed, the concrete rib is modelled as a system of diagonal struts in combination with the stud in bending. It was observed that at 1-4 mm slip, a “strut and beam” mechanism prevails, where the resistance of the connector depends on the activation of the plastic hinges in the stud and on the capacity of the diagonal strut in front of it. By increasing the slip (approx. 4-10 mm), the surrounding concrete gradually crushes, while the tensile stresses at the edge of the rib reach the tensile strength of the material. Because of this loss of rotational stiffness, the bending moment in the stud decreases and the upper plastic hinge gradually moves towards the slab. At higher displacements (approx. 20-40 mm), high tensile forces develop in the stud due to non-linear geometric effects and the load is carried through a “strut and tie” resistance mechanism, provided that the embedment of the stud is sufficient to prevent the rotation of the rib. As the slip increases further, failure occurs either in the form of concrete pull-out or stud rupture.

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Richards, PaulA repairable connection for earthquake-resisting moment framesSteel Construction3/2019191-197Articles

Kurzfassung

Nominated for the Bernt Johansson Outstanding Paper Awards at Nordic Steel 2019
Most steel moment frames are designed so that the beams act as structural fuses during earthquake loading. This approach, while good for saving lives, has poor resilience because it is difficult to replace damaged beams in a building. A repairable steel moment-frame connection has been developed that may be attractive to engineers and building contractors. The connection has a fuse plate bolted to the beam bottom flange which experiences shear yielding during severe earthquakes, protecting both the column and the beam. After an earthquake, the fuse plates can be removed and replaced to unlock residual frame deformations and prepare the building for another event.
Full-scale experiments were conducted to validate the performance of this repairable connection. Two tests were performed with a W690 × 125 beam and W530 × 196 column. The tests demonstrated rotation capacities of at least 0.05 rad, which exceeds AISC requirements for special moment frames. The fuse plate was effective in preventing beam damage in each test, and the second test demonstrated that the connection could be repaired by replacing the fuse plate.

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Röscher, Stefanie; Knobloch, MarkusTowards a prognosis of fatigue life using a Two-Stage-Model - Application to butt weldsSteel Construction3/2019198-208Articles

Kurzfassung

Nominated for the Bernt Johansson Outstanding Paper Awards at Nordic Steel 2019
This paper presents a Two-Stage-Model for determining the fatigue life of steel structures. The model follows the distinction between crack initiation and crack propagation according to the phenomenological background. The first stage uses the local strain-life approach to predict the number of cycles for crack initiation Ni considering the cyclic material behaviour as well as the load-time history. The second stage calculates the crack propagation based on a linear-elastic fracture mechanics approach. Using X-FEM in combination with cyclic loading, an arbitrary, solution-dependent crack path is achieved to determine the number of cycles for propagation Np. The Two-Stage-Model was applied to butt welds to determine their total fatigue life Nf in terms of a proof-of-concept study. The study investigated the ability of the model to consider the influence of the weld geometry, i.e. plate thickness and weld imperfections (excess and vertical offset). The results are presented by means of S-N curves for initiation life, propagation life and total fatigue life. A comparison with experimental results provided in the literature shows that the Two-Stage-Model can reflect the weld quality of butt welds in terms of fatigue life.

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High hopes - why BIM does not pay off (yet)Steel Construction3/2019208Editor's Recommendations

Kurzfassung

Keine Kurzfassung verfügbar.

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Nielsen, Martin Bjerre; Jensen, Jacob Fisker; Harper, Christopher; Knudsen, Lennart Skovbjerg; Pedersen, Ronnie RefstrupState-of-the-art framework for design of offshore wind jacket foundationsSteel Construction3/2019209-214Articles

Kurzfassung

Nominated for the Bernt Johansson Outstanding Paper Awards at Nordic Steel 2019
A state-of-the-art framework for the design of jacket foundations for offshore wind turbines is presented here. The article illustrates how an efficient, yet highly accurate, structural model can be achieved through a combination of a comprehensive beam finite element model and detailed shell/solid finite element models, where the former suffices for representing the overall global behaviour and the latter improves the representation of non-trivial structural details such as the transition piece and tubular joints. This approach allows the verification of standard structural elements according to various design codes to be automated on beam element level, while the fatigue performance via the hot-spot method as well as detailed stress and buckling analyses of relevant joints and details can be performed based on the detailed shell/solid finite element models readily available for stiffness representation. The computational framework ensures full consistency between the local and global description levels and an efficient cloud interface facilitates the thousands of design load cases that typically require consideration in order that a full detailed design can be simulated within a reasonable timeframe.

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Vales, Pedro Casariego; Ribera, Miquel Casafont; Ballester, Miquel Ferrer; Carvajal, Frederic MarimónCompression behaviour of trapezoidal steel sheets with transverse corrugationsSteel Construction3/2019215-221Articles

Kurzfassung

Nominated for the Bernt Johansson Outstanding Paper Awards at Nordic Steel 2019
Over the past few decades, the cold-formed steel industry has developed a manufacturing technique for producing self-supporting arches from trapezoidal steel sheets. The press-forming procedure is based on introducing transverse corrugations into the main direction of the flat profile in order to bend it. The main problem is that these indentations, which are essential to curve the profile, change the effective properties of the original steel sheet. Currently, there is no design code or standardized test procedure that can be used to obtain the effective properties of the corrugated profile. This research project analyses the behaviour of the corrugated profile when it is subjected to pure compression and compares it with the behaviour of the flat profile.

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Corman, Adrien; Jaspart, Jean-Pierre; Demonceau, Jean-FrançoisResistance of the beam-to-column component "column web panel in shear"Steel Construction3/2019222-230Articles

Kurzfassung

Nominated for the Bernt Johansson Outstanding Paper Awards at Nordic Steel 2019
The “column web panel in shear” is known to be a key component in the design of steel and steel-concrete composite joints as it can provide a reserve of ductility at the joint when activated and appropriately designed. Therefore, its behaviour has been studied for years and was thought to have been fully understood. However, some recent research projects have demonstrated that, in many cases, the simple analytical model proposed in Eurocode 3, Part 1-8, significantly overestimates the actual resistance of this component. In this context, this paper will look at the first results of investigations into that problem conducted at Liège University. In particular, beam-to-column welded joints have been studied in order to: i) highlight the aforementioned problem through comparisons between existing experimental results and Eurocode 3 predictions, ii) develop a sophisticated finite element model using the Abaqus© software, iii) validate this FE model using existing experimental results and iv) develop an extensive parametric study in order to highlight the key parameters governing the resistance capacity of the component studied. Based on the investigations conducted, the final goal consists of providing a new analytical formulation that is able to predict more accurately the shear strength of the column web panel.

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Fire design of slim-floor beamsSteel Construction3/2019230Editor's Recommendations

Kurzfassung

Keine Kurzfassung verfügbar.

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Avgerinou, Stella; Lignos, Xenophon; Tsarpalis, Dimitris; Vayas, IoannisFull-scale tests on used steel storage racksSteel Construction3/2019231-242Articles

Kurzfassung

Industrial storage operators use not only new pallet racking systems, but also old ones for which certification documents possibly do not exist. In order to check the carrying capacity of such racks, in addition to component tests, full-scale experimental tests were carried out on complete structures to help the development of reliable numerical models. The racks were subjected to vertical and pushover loads in the laboratory using an improved version of the base plates to achieve fixed support conditions. Vertical loading was imposed by filling tanks with water, an operation that was activated and controlled through an innovative hydraulic network specifically designed for this purpose. During the vertical loading tests, a moderate earthquake took place near the experimental facility and this influenced the rack behaviour positively. The spine brace was too flexible in the out-of-plane direction and did not participate in the resistance to lateral forces. Distortional buckling of the columns was observed at high lateral loads. The experimental tests allowed the calculation of conservative values for the behaviour factor q.

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Dulevski, EnchoEffective widths for class 1 and 2 composite girders at negative momentsSteel Construction3/2019243-248Articles

Kurzfassung

When ascertaining the effective widths of class 1 and 2 composite girders, it is claimed that at ULS, Eurocode 4 procedures give highly conservative results. A new approach to the problem is proposed in which the strain limitation values are introduced after deriving a new formula (graphically presented) with the intention of replacing the existing one. It turns out that the new effective width is significantly larger. Such a result leads to some advantages in reinforcement distribution in the support areas of continuous girders. It might also lead to some savings in reinforcing and structural steel. This is demonstrated by an example. Another example shows a situation in which the rough application of Eurocode 4 may produce a design with a lack of reliability for some of the bridge superstructure elements. The results obtained may also be useful for situations where a structure with composite girders already in service has to be redesigned for increased loads.

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Steel Construction News 3/2019Steel Construction3/2019249-260Steel Construction News

Kurzfassung

ECCS News: ECCS R&D activities
ECCS TCs activities
Joint action with ECCREDI partners
European Steel Day 2019 Brussels, 26 June 2019 Transitioning to the future of EU industry
News from ECCS members
Talking with: Sir Philippe Samyn
Bauhaus, Modernism and the Contribution of Engineers: bauhausTWINS - an installation by zukunfsgeraeusche
News: Steel Construction achieves first CiteScore value
Congress Advancements for Metal Buildings 14/15 October in Marseille
Book review: Kurrer, K.-E.: The History of the Theory of Structures: Searching for Equilibrium.
PHD-Thesis: Design Guidelines for highly glazed office buildings in steel composite construction developed by using dynamic thermal simulations, optimisation methods and life cycle assessment

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Events: Steel Construction 3/2019Steel Construction3/2019261Events

Kurzfassung

Keine Kurzfassung verfügbar.

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Inhalt: UnternehmerBrief Bauwirtschaft 3/2019UnternehmerBrief Bauwirtschaft3/2019Inhalt

Kurzfassung

Keine Kurzfassung verfügbar.

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Ernst & Sohn (Hrsg.)UBB 03/2019 - GesamtausgabeUnternehmerBrief Bauwirtschaft3/20191-36Gesamtausgabe

Kurzfassung

Keine Kurzfassung verfügbar.

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Inhalt: Bauphysik 4/2019Bauphysik4/2019Inhalt

Kurzfassung

Keine Kurzfassung verfügbar.

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Vorschau 5/2019Bauphysik4/2019Vorschau

Kurzfassung

Viktoria P. Krastel, Winfried Heusler, Klaus-Peter Sedlbauer: Zukunftsfähige Fassaden von Krankenhäusern - ein nutzerzentrierter Ansatz

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