Most stands at last year’s BASELWORLD as well as the fairground have been fundamentally redesigned: Six crystalline pavilions that house food service, media relations and ticket office string through a mosaic of blooming flower beds. Together with the architectural practice dany waldner AG, schlaich bergermann und partner developed a modular system for mobile buildings that feature a quick and easy installation for versatile use while meeting high design requirements. Functional but elegant detailing was required starting with wide span customized multi-functional aluminium girders carrying the roof membranes, incorporating invisible stressing devices for the membrane, attachments of secondary girders, facade columns and facade panels as well as electrical power supply for the integrated illumination. Laminates of glass panes and varying metallised textiles were used to clad the facade panels made of light weight aluminium frames and connected with integrated connection devices. The structure is resting on legs adjustable in height and adaptable to varying inclination of the ground, requiring a series of movable parts to be designed for multi use, long term performance and corrosion resistance free of lubrication. Combining the advantages of stainless steel, bronze, aluminium and black steel in the strict content of requirements made the project a challenge somewhere between civil and mechanical engineering.

Darko Beg (1954-2014)
Ram Puthli 70 years

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Simplifications to finite element models are the subject of this article. These simplifications form part of a new method for the fire design of concrete and composite slab systems with partly unprotected secondary steel beams, taking into account tensile membrane action. Internal forces can be determined with the simplified model and cross-section design procedures can be applied to calculate the required reinforcement amount equivalent to ambient temperature. The FE model is simplified by replacing the thermal analysis with a substitute thermal loading. Non-linear material behaviour is taken into account via a reduced model stiffness, which allows an efficient linear elastic calculation. The new method presented therefore enables the simple and efficient design of slab systems for fire.

This paper deals with the component method for the structural design of steel joints in the 3D modelling of loads. The essential features of the method are presented in terms of the local and global analysis model. There is a discussion about the location of the local joint model, the definition of generalized joint displacements and the generic nature of the method. The proposed method is verified for a beam-to-column joint. Verification is carried out by a detailed 3D non-linear finite element analysis of a single joint. Other results in the literature are discussed briefly. One of the new components used in 3D modelling is introduced here. The proposed 3D component method seems to work rather well for moment resistances of joints in both ambient and fire conditions. Initial rotational stiffness needs to be studied more. Validation of the 3D component method is continuing with experiments on the end plate splice joints of rectangular tubular structures.

The paper deals with the strength and stiffness of fastenings with fastening screws or rivets in thin-walled sheeting and sections. After a brief review of the design equations given in some codes, an additional proposal is given. A further review covers the stiffness equations from both codes and research papers, and concludes with a recommendation for applications.

Shenzhen Airport’s Terminal 3 is one of the largest buildings in the world designed with parametrically controlled digital tools. These tools enabled the teams from Fuksas and Knippers Helbig to develop the free-form, perforated, double-skin building envelope into which a space truss structure is integrated. The inherent optimization potential of the iterative process not only facilitated the geometrical definition of a large number of unique, non-repetitive components, but also resulted in a successive performance improvement for the integrated structural system.
In a close collaboration with the architects, specific solutions were developed to provide sufficient structural integrity for the space structure, which is clad by the façade layers. These design interventions enable the mega-structure to withstand all impacting loads, such as high winds and seismic loads, without disrupting the transparency of the architects’ intended honeycomb-shaped perforations.
The design process of the new Terminal 3 clearly demonstrates how parametrically controlled design tools can offer the means to design new structures and envelopes that go beyond existing typologies.

The continuous improvements in Canada’s oil sands industrial performance have generated engineering challenges that are rarely encountered in conventional oil and gas projects. Significant developments in steel construction procedures have evolved over the past few years to cope with these challenges. New design guidelines have been developed to modernize structural steel design and construction procedures. These procedures have been successfully implemented in oil sands projects that worth billions of dollars. The author was involved in the design developments for these projects and would like to share with readers the difficulties and solutions used to cope with structural challenges that are not addressed by North American or European codes of practice.

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This document describes the development and state of the art of orthotropic steel bridges in Germany. Following a short historical review of the performance of orthotropic bridge decks over the last decades, the present traffic loads are described and related to the resistance of the existing structures. Based on four different hazard categories, this paper describes different retrofitting methods. Although several promising strengthening techniques are introduced and evaluated, it appears that further research is urgently required in order to improve these techniques.

In 1899 Vladimir Shuchov (1853-1939), the polymath Russian engineer, was awarded a patent covering the principles he had devised for hyperbolic lattice towers. These hyperbolic towers are constructed from an assembly of straight elements connected together with complex three-dimensional joints. However, their full geometry is difficult to discern from the (orthogonal) drawings still available. Until now, little was known about the technological advances that made these complex designs feasible. This paper presents an investigation into the mathematical principles and operational practices that may have been used for determining the actual geometry of individual elements for setting out and constructing the metal lattices, thus illuminating the conjunction of geometry and craft.

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A new steel-lined pressure shaft and surge tank are being constructed for the existing Kaunertal high-head hydropower plant. The inclined shaft with a diameter of 4.3 m is approx. 1430 m long and is designed for a pressure head of 100 bar. The steel lining is fully embedded and installed inside the precast concrete segmental lining, which was earlier erected as the tunnelling work progressed. Steel design criteria take into account that the internal pressure is shared between the pipe steel and the rock mass according to the stiffness ratio of lining and rock mass.
To support the development of steel lining design and material specifications prior to award of contract, the permissible steel strength vs. ductility was investigated together with the compatibility between pipe material and welding material and the brittle fracture behaviour. In particular, the high-performance steel and welding materials require a detailed fracture mechanics analysis to establish whether selected materials fit project requirements. Extensive tests were carried out on sample pipes - partly on a full-size model - by the bidders to select the steel and welding materials. An analysis of the tests revealed interesting results and dependencies on material strength, welding process, filler material and other parameters.
An overview of the project, which is being implemented between 2012 and 2015, the design criteria for the steel-lined shaft and the material specification are presented in this paper.

In this contribution the historical development of materials and applied welding procedures in the field of hydropower plant shafts and penstocks is summarized. Based on the experiences and failure cases observed in the past in combination with modern methods, a best practice solution for the qualification of materials and processes is proposed. Additionally to weldability based on strength and toughness, fracture mechanics, fatigue behaviour and stress corrosion sensitivity have to be considered. All these measures have to be validated by application of related advanced NDT processes.

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