Artikeldatenbank
Autor(en) | Titel | Zeitschrift | Ausgabe | Seite | Rubrik |
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Wilfing, Lisa; Käsling, Heiko; Goliasch, Robert; Moritz, Bernd; Thuro, Kurosch | Penetration tests at the Koralm Tunnel (KAT2) - The right tool to improve penetration prediction in TBM tunneling? / Penetrationsversuche am Beispiel des Koralmtunnels (KAT2) - Ein Werkzeug zur Verbesserung von Penetrationsprognosen im maschinellen Tunnelbau? | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 3/2016 | 200-209 | Topics |
KurzfassungPerformance prediction is one of the crucial issues for estimating excavation costs and construction time of tunnel projects. In mechanized tunneling, TBM performance highly depends on achieved penetration rate and cutter wear. The aim of the research group ABROCK and the topic of this paper is the improvement of penetration prediction by performing on-site penetration tests. Therefore estimated parameters by two existing prediction models (Gehring model, Colorado School of Mines model) are compared with the results of penetration tests at Austrians large infrastructure project of the OeBB Koralm tunnel construction lot KAT2. Penetration tests are a common tool to determine the performance of a TBM in certain geological environments. During a test, the TBM is operated under defined conditions that allow the comparison of different tunnel projects and machine types in analogous geological conditions. Results show that only for a narrow scope, considered prediction models reveal appropriate fitting. Once the rock mass is fractured or the stress level within the rock mass changes, existing models are not applicable. This fact emphasizes the need of an update for penetration prediction models by implementing a correction factor for discontinuities and the stress state in a rock mass. This may result in a new prognosis model called Alpine model. x | |||||
Gaich, Andreas; Pötsch, Markus | 3D images for digital tunnel face documentation at TBM headings - Application at Koralmtunnel lot KAT2 / 3D-Bilder zur digitalen Ortsbrustdokumentation bei TBM- Vortrieben - Anwendung beim Koralmtunnel Baulos KAT2 | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 3/2016 | 210-221 | Topics |
KurzfassungWithin the scope of a research activity of ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG (Austrian Federal Railways) improvements for tunnel face documentation during TBM tunnelling are investigated. This contribution presents an autonomous imaging unit for taking videos of the tunnel face. The unit is installed during maintenance shift in the cutter head of a hard rock TBM. While turning the cutter head, a video is taken. Simultaneously a smartphone that also controls the camera tracks the orientation of the imaging system. From the video a consistent three-dimensional image is generated using latest algorithms from photogrammetry. The resulting 3D images are used for determining single block detachments from the tunnel face as well as quantifying the planarity in general. They serve for enhancing geological mapping including the determination of discontinuities and provide comprehensive and objective documentation information. First successful applications at Koralmtunnel lot KAT2 showed the value of this new way of documentation and measurements. x | |||||
Handke, Dieter; Edelhoff, Dennis | Quality and risk management strategy for mechanized tunnelling - From machine concept to process controlling / Qualitätssicherungselemente und Risikomanagementstrategie für den maschinellen Tunnelbau - Vom Maschinenkonzept zum Prozesscontrolling | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 3/2016 | 222-233 | Topics |
KurzfassungMechanized tunnelling is a highly technical construction process, which requires the establishment of precise objectives to consistently guarantee high quality and safety standards while still considering the aspects of time and cost reduction. In the tendering and construction phases, these objectives can be met by the application of a risk management strategy and the integration of quality assurance elements. The implementation of process controlling with the objectives optimization, error prevention and documentation provides a centralized monitoring element in the construction phase. External experts can monitor tunnelling activities in real time and submit recommendations in case of deviations. With downstream analyses, incidents can be evaluated and methodological errors identified. x | |||||
Gehwolf, Paul; Walter, Andreas; Galler, Robert; Wagner, Hanns | Shear tests on flexible shear dowels for use at cross passages with thin segmental linings / Scherversuche von flexiblen Scherdübeln für den Einsatz bei Querschlagsanschlägen mit schlanken Tübbingauskleidungen | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 3/2016 | 234-242 | Topics |
KurzfassungFor the driving of cross passages in mechanized tunnelling, different systems can be used for load transfer at the cross passage opening. With thin segmental linings, achieving high load-bearing capacity of the precast lining and the load transfer elements used pose a great challenge. For the selection of a system, not only the required support measures but also practical construction aspects such as the integration of the load transfer elements into the precast element and the installation of the elements play an important role. The use of shear dowels as a connection and load transfer element between segment rings in the cross passageoffers new possibilities in mechanized tunnelling. Particularly in connection with thin segmental linings, flexible systems of plastic with integrated steel core make it possible to resist loads with large deformations, both in the radial and longitudinal directions. In order to investigate the system behaviour of the overall system of segmental lining with thin construction and plastic shear dowels, shear tests were performed at the Chair for Subsurface Engineering of the Montanuniversität Leoben with a dowel system as the connecting element between segments. The objective of the research project initiated by the ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG is to determine the effects of different reinforcement concepts on the load-bearing capacity of the connection system. Ways of determining the failure of the construction element based on crack detection are also described. x | |||||
Vigl, Alois; Walter, Andreas; Lemmerer, Johann; Atzl, Georg; Handke, Dieter | TBM research project - Tolerances segmental lining / TVM-Forschungsprojekt - Toleranzen Tübbingausbau | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 3/2016 | 243-259 | Topics |
KurzfassungIn infrastructure tunnelling projects with shielded TBMs, prefabricated segmental linings are used with various systems and requirements. The required degree of accuracy in segment production and ring assembly is a considerable factor in terms of equipment, time and costs. The required tolerances for segments and ring assembly depend significantly on the segment geometry, lining system and field of application. In order to provide a reasonable basis for allowable segment and installation tolerances, a new approach has been established as part of a research initiative of the ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG with respect to the risks and consequences arising from geometrical tolerances. The paper explains the concept of “tolerance classes” with the approach for their developments, derivation and classification. A practical application example is shown in addition. With respect to the nomenclature of tolerances, a harmonization process has been performed in collaboration with the German committees for underground structures, ZTV-ING and DAUB. The results of harmonizing and proposals of tolerance clarifications are presented within this paper. x | |||||
John, Max; Matousek, Federico; Dallapiazza, Werner | Gotthard Base Tunnel - Comparison of forecast and findings regarding engineering geology and tunnelling / Gotthard-Basistunnel - Vergleich Prognose und Befund aus baugeologischer und tunnelbautechnischer Sicht | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 3/2016 | 260-275 | Topics |
KurzfassungFor deep tunnels with restricted possibilities for site investigation, deviations from the forecast are usually to be expected. Deviations of geological and hydrogeological conditions have different effects on tunnelling. At the Gotthard Base Tunnel it was found that some areas considered as critical actually behaved most favourably, whereas other areas, such as fault zones and zones of high rock pressure, deviated unfavourably from the forecast with considerable effects on costs and the time schedule. Unfavourable deviations could not be compensated by favourable areas. It should be also noted that these deviations had not been included in risk analyses, because they were unknown, however the original cost prognosis of 1999 provided sufficient financial reserves. These deviations were mastered by intensive probing ahead of excavation and adaptation of design, construction programme and additional measures defined during construction. On the basis of the comparison of forecast and actual conditions, the positive and negative effects of the conditions encountered on tunnelling are described. x | |||||
Vetsch, Hans-Peter; Zbinden, Peter; Märki, Ernst; Ehrbar, Heinz | Gotthard Base Tunnel - Choice of the tunnel system from today's point of view / Gotthard-Basistunnel - Wahl des Tunnelsystems aus heutiger Sicht | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 2/2016 | 79-93 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe historic rail tunnels in the Alps were consistently built in the form of single-tube twin-track tunnels, starting with the Mont Cenis Tunnel (1871). Only the 19.8 km long Simplon Tunnel at the start of the 20th century was built with two separate single-track tunnels. In 1988, the 53.8 km long Seikan Tunnel became the first tunnel more than 50 km long to go into operation - once more as a twin-track tunnel, although with additional constructional elements such as forced ventilation, emergency stations and a service tunnel. In 1994 followed the Channel Tunnel with a system of two single-track tunnels and a service or safety tunnel as well as a complex ventilation system. For the base tunnels through the Alps, the question arose in Switzerland at the start of the 1990s, what is the optimal tunnel system considering the requirements of construction, safety and operation? A cost-benefit analysis resulted in a system with two single-track tunnels and multi-function stations at the third points as the optimum. Meanwhile, various requirements have been newly formulated so that the question arises whether the same decision would be made with the knowledge available today. x | |||||
Sala, Alex; Wick, Raphael | Gotthard Base Tunnel - Technical project overview / Gotthard-Basistunnel - Technische Projektübersicht | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 2/2016 | 94-110 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe 57 km long Gotthard Base Tunnel from Erstfeld to Bodio is not only the longest but with an overburden of about 2, 300 m also the deepest rail tunnel in the world. The tunnel system consists of two parallel single-track tunnels with the axes 40 m apart (in fault zones up to 70 m), connected every 312.5 m by a total of 178 cross passages. The two multi-function stations at the approximate third points in Sedrun and Faido have an emergency station for each running tunnel and two track crossovers. x | |||||
Gruber, Luzi R.; Holstein, Uwe | Conventional tunnel drives at Sedrun / Konventionelle Vortriebe Sedrun | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 2/2016 | 111-128 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe Sedrun section in the middle of the Gotthard Base Tunnel was critical in terms of scheduling and without doubt the section with the most complicated logistics. The article gives an overview of the complex overall construction measures and describes in detail the geotechnical and logistical challenges that had to be overcome. x | |||||
Röthlisberger, Bruno; Spörri, Daniel; Rehbock, Michael | Unexpected difficult ground conditions in the multi-function Station Faido / Unerwartet schwierige Baugrundverhältnisse in der Multifunktionsstelle Faido | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 2/2016 | 129-138 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe multi-function station (MFS) Faido, with track crossovers located symmetrically around the transverse cavern, is accessed through a 2.7 km long access tunnel. The geology encountered in the transverse cavern and the first metres of boring the running tunnels was very different from the forecast. Technical, economic and scheduling considerations demanded the moving of the four crossovers by 600 m to the south. In the drill and blast excavation of the single-track tunnel to the north, deformations of up to 1.3 m occurred in the radius. In addition to the dangers of “squeezing rock” and “rock fall”, unforecast and serious rock burst also occurred in the east and west running tunnels, which could not have been foreseen. Yielding temporary support measures had to be carried out along a length of 500 m and sometimes massively strengthened. x | |||||
Hitz, Arthur; Kruse, Matthias | The mountain from the mountain - On dealing with excavated material / Der "Berg aus dem Berg" - Bewirtschaftung des Tunnelausbruchmaterials | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 2/2016 | 139-145 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe article describes how the great challenge of managing the material excavated during the construction of the Gotthard Base Tunnel was overcome. The recycling of material from mechanized tunnelling as high-grade aggregates and the development of high-quality concrete mixes demanded new methods and set new standards. At the same time, the environmental impact could be considerably reduced and considerable cost savings were achieved. x | |||||
Doppmann, Gregor; Burri, Monika; Wick, Raphael | Success story: Environmental monitoring during construction at Erstfeld-Amsteg / Erfolgsgeschichte Umweltbaubegleitung Erstfeld-Amsteg | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 2/2016 | 146-157 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe provisions of the planning approval for the Gotthard Base Tunnel required more than 1, 000 environmental measures for the Amsteg and Erstfeld sections, arranged in 80 detail projects. The environmental aspect was also of great significance for the client. Therefore AlpTransit Gotthard AG provided sufficient resources to be able to implement the project successfully from the environmental point of view. The article is concentrated on selected aspects and explains their special features. The integration of environmental monitoring into the local construction supervision team; soil protection and cultivation; the problem of nitrite in the site wastewater; and dust and noise emissions are dealt with in detail, along with the ecological opportunities of a large construction site. A description of the usual conditions and measures affecting a tunnel site is intentionally omitted. x | |||||
Spyridis, Panagiotis; Konstantis, Spyridon; Gakis, Angelos | Performance indicator of tunnel linings under geotechnical uncertainty | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 2/2016 | 158-164 | Topics |
KurzfassungIn the process of dimensioning a tunnel lining support an optimized structural system is pursued that can accommodate the inherent uncertainties associated with the geotechnical, hydro-geological, and environmental conditions. Particularly for geotechnics, uncertainty has become a major issue of scientific discussion according to a number of recent publications. At the same time, advanced performance criteria often require probabilistic assessments in order to quantify a structure's safety and reliability or to inform life-cycle engineering decisions. This contribution demonstrates a novel design approach for the design assessment of concrete tunnel linings. The Index for the Capacity Utilization of Linings in Tunnels (CULT-I) introduced herein, facilitates the quantification of reliability of a tunnel lining support, while it aids toward a rationalized, performance-based design optimization with considerations on geotechnical uncertainty. A typical case of a shallow urban tunnel excavated in soft ground using the TBM method is presented, demonstrating the practical application and feasibility of the proposed approach. x | |||||
Barla, Giovanni; Tamburini, Andrea; Del Conte, Sara; Giannico, Chiara | InSAR monitoring of tunnel induced ground movements | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 1/2016 | 15-22 | Topics |
KurzfassungThis paper introduces InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) as an advanced tool for measuring and monitoring surface ground movements over time, with interest in all phases of a tunnel project, both in urban and non-urban areas. Following a preliminary overview of the technology used to compile radar images of the earth's surface, the multi-image techniques (Persistent Scatterers Interferometry, PSI) and the InSAR algorithm (SqueeSAR) are briefly outlined. Two examples of InSAR data applied to tunnelling projects are presented. In the first case, the integration of InSAR surface measurements into monitoring by conventional methods is discussed as a tool for providing useful information to study the relationship between tunnelling and surface settlements. In the second case, the temporal evolution of ground displacements provided by SqueeSAR is applied in order to understand the link between tunnel excavation and surface movements, along a slope under passed by two large tunnels. x | |||||
Rabensteiner, Klaus; Chmelina, Klaus | Tunnel monitoring in urban environments | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 1/2016 | 23-28 | Topics |
KurzfassungUrban tunnel projects such as new metro lines face particular challenges. Shallow overburden, difficult (hydro)geological conditions and sensitive buildings in close proximity are risks that often cannot be avoided, demanding large and complex geotechnical monitoring programmes. This paper considers the current situation of tunnel monitoring in urban environments and describes two specific monitoring solutions, one for shafts and one for structures, and emphasises the importance of efficient data management with the assistance of a tunnel information system. Finally, the paper gives an overview of recent research activity and emerging sensing technologies. x | |||||
Barla, Giovanni; Antolini, Francesco; Gigli, Giovanni | 3D Laser scanner and thermography for tunnel discontinuity mapping | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 1/2016 | 29-36 | Topics |
KurzfassungDiscontinuity mapping of tunnels during excavation is a key component of the interactive observational design approach. One requirement is to verify the geological and geomechanical predictions made at the design stage. In recent years, fully automated, remote-based techniques such as Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Infrared Thermography (IRT) have become available, and their applications have increased, reducing the time needed to obtain complete geomechanical mapping of the rock mass. The effective use of these techniques is of great interest in tunnelling where the need arises for the operators to work close to the tunnel face. This paper presents a discussion of the main technical features of TLS and IRT, as well as data processing methods, followed by a case study of a tunnel excavated in the NW Italian Alps. x | |||||
Kieffer, D. Scott; Valentin, Gerald; Unterberger, Klaus | Continuous real-time slope monitoring of the Ingelsberg in Bad Hofgastein, Austria | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 1/2016 | 37-44 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe Ingelsberg in Bad Hofgastein, Austria, is a highly hazardous mountain slope in the State of Salzburg. The Ingelsberg exhibits periodic episodes of instability, prompting major efforts to construct rock fall retention basins and safety nets to mitigate risks associated with future slope failures. As the results of traditional slope monitoring have proved rather ambiguous, continuous real-time monitoring of the Ingelsberg was performed from March 2013 through July 2014. The monitoring was undertaken with a Ground Based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (GB-InSAR). The data set of approximately 130, 000 radar scans represent the first long-term GB-InSAR measurements made in Austria, and indicate an episodic pseudo-sheeting failure process, somewhat analogous to the calving of a glacier front. Furthermore, reasonable time of failure predictions for rock fall events having volumes of only several tens of cubic meters could be made from the data set. The GB-InSAR monitoring provides significant insight regarding the overall slope behavior, failure tendencies, and associated geotechnical hazards of the Ingelsberg. x | |||||
Gaich, Andreas; Pischinger, Gerald | 3D images for digital geological mapping - Focussing on conventional tunnelling | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 1/2016 | 45-51 | Topics |
Kurzfassung3D images combine visual and geometric information making them an obvious source for capturing and characterising rock surfaces especially when there are constrained time and access conditions. By taking photographs with an off-the-shelf camera and using modern algorithms from photogrammetry, 3D imaging has become state of the art on many conventional tunnel construction sites. Data is acquired on a daily basis, processed, geologically assessed, and finally stored in a suitable data base. The contribution provides a brief introduction of the technology and its measurement capabilities, as well as a description of the practical application during the construction of the 8 km long Gleinalmtunnel in Austria. x | |||||
Horner, Johannes; Naranjo, Andrés; Weil, Jonas | Digital data acquisition and 3D structural modelling for mining and civil engineering - the La Colosa gold mining project, Colombia | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 1/2016 | 52-57 | Topics |
KurzfassungDigital data acquisition, data management and 3D modelling techniques are common techniques in the mining industry. On the other hand, civil engineering projects still lag behind in applying advanced technologies during geological reconnaissance and investigation. The La Colosa gold mining project (Colombia) is presented as an example, where sophisticated digital mapping techniques and 3D geological modelling is not only used for mining related issues, but is also successfully applied for the geological, geotechnical and hydrogeological investigations of adjacent civil engineering sites of the associated mine infrastructure. x | |||||
Schneider, Klaus; Egger, Jürgen | Koralmbahn quo vadis - Current State of the new Koralmbahn Line and essential Milestones / Koralmbahn quo vadis - Aktueller Status und wesentliche Meilensteine | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2015 | 472-480 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe 130 km long Koralmbahn line between Graz and Klagenfurt is one of the most significant transport infrastructure projects in Europe. It is part of the new southern route and thus an important link in the Baltic-Adriatic corridor. The key structure on the Koralmbahn line is the 32.9 km long Koralm Tunnel - but construction of the new high speed line will also require 12 new stations and stops, more than 100 bridges and underbridges as well as numerous further tunnels. In Austrias point of view, the Koralmbahn line will represent a considerable structural improvement, especially for Southeast Austria as an industrial location. The quickest journey time between Graz and Klagenfurt will be considerably reduced from currently almost three hours to 45 minutes, with a simultaneous improvement of accessibility. x | |||||
Kiesling, Andreas; Glösl, Harald; Nussbaumer, Alex | The third tunnel boring machine for the Koralm Tunnel / Die dritte Tunnelvortriebsmaschine für den Koralmtunnel | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2015 | 481-488 | Topics |
KurzfassungOn contract KAT3 of the Koralm Tunnel, a multi-mode tunnel boring machine with a diameter of 9,940 mm and an overall length of about 250 m will be used. The capability of the machine to be rebuilt from earth pressure to hard rock mode will enable it to bore through geologically different rock mass zones. It will be assembled in the launching excavation at Mitterpichling and at the west portal on the site facilities area, where the entire necessary infrastructure and segment production plant are situated. The particular geological challenges demand preliminary trials and special equipment on the tunnel boring machine. x | |||||
Moritz, Bernd; Pilgerstorfer, Thomas; Pointner, Peter | Experience of conventional excavation in crystalline rock mass on Koralm Tunnel contract KAT3 / Erfahrungen beim zyklischen Vortrieb im Kristallinabschnitt des Bauloses KAT3 | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2015 | 489-502 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe present paper discusses experience gained during tunnelling in a crystalline rock mass on Koralm Tunnel contract KAT3. It reports on the benefits and information gained from preventer-supported exploratory drillings up to 250 m long, which were performed in consideration of predicted high water pressures in marble layers. Another case study points out the geological/geotechnical situation in a fault, featuring the remarkable finding that despite the high overburden, only small displacement magnitudes were measured, which is in stark contrast to experience gained on tunnel projects in comparable conditions. The paper concludes with the analysis of system behaviour observed in sections with highest overburden of 1,200 m. Although only small displacement magnitudes were measured, overstressing of the shotcrete lining was observed. A successful support concept was found by a targeted utilization of deformation gaps in the shotcrete lining in combination with adaptation of rock bolting according to the encountered structural situation. x | |||||
Posch, Helmut; Nahold, Manfred; Kager, Matthias; Kolb, Erich; Bauer, Felix; Huber, Markus | Responsible handling of tunnel spoil through the example of Koralm Tunnel contract KAT2 / Verantwortungsvoller Umgang mit Tunnelausbruch am Beispiel Koralmtunnel, Baulos KAT2 | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2015 | 503-517 | Topics |
KurzfassungContract KAT2 will altogether produce about 8.6 m. t of excavated material. Most of this will be used as fill for various purposes or processed as aggregates for concrete production. This article deals with the management of the material excavated from the tunnel and of material, which has been affected by ground improvement measures or could have been contaminated during excavation or transport. Causes for chemical problems and risks with waste are identified, and possibilities and solutions for technically correct recycling or disposal in compliance with the conditions of waste management law are presented. As an example, the influence of selected additives such as cement or resin foam is discussed. There is also a description of investigation results into the evidence that high concentrations occur in the determination of iron and aluminium in the eluate. These parameters are of significance for the recycling of rock since they are limited under the Austrian federal waste management plan (BAWP). x | |||||
Zwittnig, Gerald | The Lavanttal area: Construction phase node point in the key area of the Koralmbahn / Der Raum Lavanttal: Knotenpunkt in der Bauphase im Kernbereich der Koralmbahn | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2015 | 518-526 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe new Koralm railway line between Graz and Klagenfurt will connect the Lavanttal region in Lower Carinthia to the European railway network. This area is already a sensitive junction point, where activities for the adjacent tunnel building contracts and the future InterCity station overlap concerning construction time and available space. Activities will intensify in the technical equipment installation phase and demand well coordinated preliminary planning. Extensive framework conditions and requirements were already taken into account in the planning of the railway line to the new station, which is to fulfil development and intermodal connection functions resulting in a purposeful and modern configuration, also taking maintenance and tunnel rescue into account. The construction, equipment and activation phases in the Lavanttal region are being coordinated with detailed planning of procedures and logistics, with regular updates and refinements. x | |||||
Gschwandtner, Gunter G.; Höhndorf, Markus; Übleis, Martin | The Granitztal tunnel chain / Tunnelkette Granitztal | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2015 | 527-534 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe Granitztal tunnel chain, located after the Koralm Tunnel in a southward direction and adjoining the new IC station in the Lavanttal, essentially consists of the Deutsch Grutschen and Langer Berg Tunnels, which are being excavated cyclically, and the Granitztal gallery in cut-and-cover. The article offers a general overview of the project, described the geological and geotechnical conditions and compares the experience gained in the current early construction phase with the underlying conditions for design and tendering. x |