Artikeldatenbank
Autor(en) | Titel | Zeitschrift | Ausgabe | Seite | Rubrik |
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Benedikt, Johannes; Berger, Klaus; Koinig, Josef | Current state of design and construction for the St. Kanzian tunnel chain / Aktueller Planungs- und Ausführungsstand der Tunnelkette St. Kanzian | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2015 | 535-546 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe St. Kanzian tunnel chain lies near the Völkermarkt reservoir and is part of the Mittlern-Althofen approval section of the Koralmbahn line in Carinthia. Of the six tunnels in the St. Kanzian tunnel chain, the 495 m long Kühnsdorf green tunnel (cut-and-cover) has already been completed. The construction of the 230 m long Peratschitzen green tunnel (a cut-and-cover noise protection tunnel) and the 620 m long Srejach Tunnel (top-down construction) started in summer 2015. Work should start on the Untersammelsdorf, Stein and Lind Tunnels (all mined tunnels), in spring/summer 2016. The tunnels lie partially in challenging geological conditions (lacustrine sediments), all with shallow overburden, and require special measures for support and ground improvement (bored piles, jet grouting). Particular attention has been paid to later maintenance costs, which have to be considered in the course of the design work. x | |||||
Gobiet, Gerhard; Nipitsch, Gernot | The long path to approval of the Semmering Base Tunnel and the effect on construction progress / Der lange Weg zur Genehmigung des Semmering-Basistunnels und Auswirkungen auf den Bauablauf | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2015 | 547-553 | Topics |
KurzfassungWith the ruling of the Austrian federal administrative court in May 2015, all necessary permits have now been issued for the construction of the Semmering Base Tunnel. The project is one of the most reviewed projects in Austria, and as the other authorities had done previously, the federal administrative court once again confirmed the environmental acceptability of the project. Until the judgement of the constitutional high court with the revocation of the construction permit (served on 10 February 2014), all necessary preliminary works had been carried out on schedule and within budget since 2012. The preliminary works started in the Fröschnitzgraben in January 2014 could however only be continued with limitations on the basis of official notifications issued without preliminary investigation. No construction could take place at the landfill site due to the lack of a decision under the waste management law. Only after the ruling by the federal administrative court could the construction works be resumed at full pace. Works started soon after in the Gloggnitz tunnel section in Lower Austria on 1 July 2015. Construction works for the third and final tunnel section, Grautschenhof , were officially tendered on 2 September 2015. By 2016, all tunnel construction contracts should be continuously under construction. x | |||||
Wagner, Oliver Kai; Haas, Dieter; Druckfeuchter, Hubert; Schachinger, Tobias | The challenges of contract SBT1.1 "Tunnel Gloggnitz" / Die Herausforderungen des Bauloses SBT1.1 Tunnel Gloggnitz | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2015 | 554-567 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe second of the three tunnelling contract sections of the Semmering Base Tunnel is of comparable complexity to the first contract section SBT2.1. The geotechnical and hydrological conditions for sequential tunnelling are demanding and require extensive grouting and investigation measures in advance of the drives. The enormous extent of the construction works and the need to access parts of the running tunnels through an intermediate construction access are a logistical challenge. The construction time is also very ambitious. These circumstances had to be considered in the production of the tender documents. x | |||||
Klais, Frank; Wagner, Oliver K.; Proprenter, Michael; Wolf, Petra | Particular aspects of the tendering contract SBT3.1 "Tunnel Grautschenhof" / Besondere Aspekte des Ausschreibungsprojekts SBT3.1 Tunnel Grautschenhof | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2015 | 568-580 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe present invitation to tender for the third tunneling contract of the Semmering Base Tunnel is the last one to complete the tunnel. This contract section has not reached the dimensions of its preceding sections SBT2.1 and SBT1.1 concerning the extent of construction work and time for completion. Nonetheless it emerged to an extremely complex project caused by a gain of knowledge regarding the ground conditions, during the process of preparing the tender documents. This knowledge led to an adjustment containing comprehensive grouting measures and a temporary intermediate construction access via two vertical shafts. Furthermore a sophisticated order of construction sequences for the installation of facilities in the invert and the concrete lining had to be issued, which considered a progressive takeover by subsequent contractors. Additional challenges arose because the tendering documents were adjusted while concurrently the design of documents for the partial modification of the construction permission had to be prepared. x | |||||
Gaich, Andreas; Pötsch, Markus | 3D images for data collection in tunnelling - applications and latest developments / 3D-Bilder für die Datenerfassung im Tunnelbau - Anwendung und aktuelle Entwicklungen | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2015 | 581-588 | Topics |
Kurzfassung3D images combine geometric and visual data in a model that allows quick and easy inspection and interpretation on a computer. On-going improvements of digital cameras and algorithms in photogrammetry, in particular for simultaneous processing of large sets of overlapping photos to a single consistent 3D model, have led to several applications of 3D images in tunnelling. 3D images are now used on conventional tunnel construction sites for digital face documentation and tunnel face mapping. 3D images are also suitable in mechanised tunnelling for capturing usually occluded areas of the tunnel face and visualising them in three dimensions. Furthermore, 3D images are generated from aerial imagery for documentation and volumetric assessment of deposited tunnel excavation material. x | |||||
Isago, Nobuharu; Kawata, Kosuke; Kusaka, Atsushi; Ishimura, Toshiaki | Long-term deformation of mountain tunnel lining and ground under swelling rock condition | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2015 | 380-386 | Topics |
KurzfassungTo monitor deformation in a road tunnel in service, periodical inspections are performed and countermeasures are taken as needed. Cracking of the permanent lining and heaving of the road surface often occur, however, so it is difficult to assess the development of such deformation features from data acquired during the construction and service stages. In this paper, the deformation mechanism and the effect of countermeasures are discussed based on the results of in situ measurements over a six-year period and of numerical analysis. The relationship between tunnel deformation and the occurrence of defects is examined using boring data. The mechanism of tunnel deformation when the characteristics of the ground indicates a swelling condition, and the relationship between the load acting on tunnel lining and the behaviour of countermeasures are also mentioned. x | |||||
Marcher, Thomas; Bauer, Steffen; Allende, Marcos; Mathiesen, Carlos | Valhalla - Innovative pumped hydro storage facilities in Chile: Challenges from a rock mechanical point of view | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2015 | 387-393 | Topics |
KurzfassungThis paper presents a unique pumped hydro storage facility using the ocean as a lower reservoir, combined with solar photovoltaic to create consistent, clean power. This project will allow for large-scale renewable energy adoption in Chile. The country's Atacama Desert has one of the best solar resources of the world. Unfortunately, the electricity grid in that northern region has one of the highest carbon footprints in the world because almost all of the electricity generation comes from fossil fuel power plants. Nearly 90 % of the demand on that northern grid is from mining companies. Their operations' energy needs are high and constant - day and night, and as a result the mining companies will not assume the intermittency risk of renewable energy resources. Until now, solar and wind developers have only been able to offer intermittent solutions and, therefore, have been unable to sign major power purchase agreements. x | |||||
Barla, Giovanni; Debernardi, Daniele; Perino, Andrea | Lessons learned from deep-seated landslides activated by tunnel excavation | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2015 | 394-401 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe interaction between deep-seated landslides and infrastructure facilities is a topic of relevant interest in the rock mechanics literature. This paper discusses the case of deep-seated landslides reactivated during excavation of two large twin tunnels in Italy, with an overview of the geological, hydrogeological and geotechnical conditions. The efforts made in order to gain an understanding of the complexities involved and the necessary quantification of the stability problems during tunnel excavation are presented in each case. Two- and three-dimensional numerical modelling methods, used as a means to back-analyze the reactivated landslide and the interaction with the tunnels, are discussed. It is shown how modelling associated with advanced real-time monitoring may contribute to the understanding of the problems under study. x | |||||
Camus, Thomas; Therville, Fabrice | The Sydney North West Rail Link project tunnelling challenge with four double shield TBMs | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2015 | 402-408 | Topics |
KurzfassungNFM Technologies has designed and delivered four 6.99 m-diameter Double Shield TBMs that are excavating the North West Rail Link project, an extension to the Sydney rapid transit network. The project is led by a consortium comprising Thiess, John Holland and Dragados, acting on behalf of the Government of New South Wales Transport Authority. Altogether, the TBMs will build 15 km of twin tunnels in rock that is mainly formed of abrasive sandstone. TBMs 1 and 2 bore the 9 km section between the Bella Vista and Cherrybrook stations, while the remaining 6 km from Cherrybrook to the Epping interchange are bored by TBMs 3 and 4. x | |||||
Schubert, Wulf; Moritz, Bernd | The state of the art in monitoring and geotechnical safety management for shallow and deep tunnels | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2015 | 409-413 | Topics |
KurzfassungDue to uncertainties in the ground model and the spread of geotechnical properties, prediction of the exact system behaviour of underground structures is difficult in many cases. In order to manage this problem, the so-called observational approach is often applied. Monitoring plays an important role to verify or falsify design assumptions, to adjust excavation and support measures to the actual conditions and to assess the stability of the system. For the management of the residual risk a geotechnical safety management plan is implemented. The OeGG has recently published a handbook summarizing the state of the art in tunnel monitoring and geotechnical safety management. x | |||||
Day, Jennifer J.; Diederichs, Mark S.; Hutchinson, D. Jean | Optimization of structural contact stiffness and strength for discrete simulation of progressive failure of healed structure | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2015 | 414-420 | Topics |
KurzfassungGeotechnical analysis for underground excavation design in complex tectonic environments requires an increased understanding and more rigorous consideration of the impact of healed or "intrablock" structure, such as veins, on rockmass behaviour. Intrablock structure occurs between blocks of rock defined and bounded by "interblock structure", the network of joints and other fractures conventionally considered in classic rockmass characterization, classification or rockmass property estimation. Discrete simulation of fractures has become a more commonplace model analysis technique for excavations in jointed rockmasses. Here too, however, special attention is required to simulate intrablock structure within the model. In particular, the selection and evolution of stiffness and strength values for the model discontinuity elements must follow a different logic than that adopted for fractures and true joints. A new concept to better represent the behaviour of intrablock structure in explicit numerical models is proposed and tested in this paper by means of finite element method (FEM) analysis and case study data from a 1, 200 m deep drift. This approach changes the stiffness and strength values of failed intrablock structural elements between pre-peak ("primary"), post-peak ("secondary"), and ultimate ("tertiary") states. The FEM models in the tertiary state match 96 % of overbreak patterns along the case drift, versus 80 % in primary state models. These findings suggest that the proposed method is a good option to more accurately model the influence of intrablock structure on rockmass behaviour. x | |||||
Giger, Silvio B.; Marschall, Paul; Lanyon, Bill; Martin, C. Derek | Hydro-mechanical response of Opalinus Clay during excavation works - a synopsis from the Mont Terri URL | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2015 | 421-425 | Topics |
KurzfassungIndurated clay formations are under consideration as potential host rock formations for the disposal of radioactive waste in several countries. The favourable features of such formations for deep geological repositories include an excellent hydraulic barrier function, high capacity for dissolved radionuclide retention and considerable self-sealing potential. The development of a brittle fracture network (excavation-induced damage zone, EDZ) around underground structures during construction and operation cannot however be avoided. To assess the impact of the EDZ on long-term safety of the repository, a detailed structural inventory of the fracture network and the relevant hydro-mechanical phenomena and processes during excavation and the subsequent operation phase is required. This then forms the geomechanical basis for the development of conceptual and numerical models of the EDZ. Here we present some empirical and experimental evidence from the Mont Terri Underground Research Laboratory (URL), summarizing the key phenomena and processes associated with the creation and evolution of an EDZ in the Opalinus Clay. In particular, the significance of rock mass anisotropy is highlighted, both as a likely origin for far-reaching pore fluid pressure changes and as a controlling factor in EDZ development during the excavation process. x | |||||
Zhang, Chun-Liang | Deformation of clay rock under THM conditions | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2015 | 426-435 | Topics |
KurzfassungAs a potential host rock for deep geological disposal of radioactive waste, the Callovo-Oxfordian and Opalinus clay rocks have been extensively investigated in the laboratory with respect to deformation under various thermo-hydro-mechanical conditions: (1) stresses covering the range from the initial lithostatic state to redistributed levels after excavation, (2) humidity variations representing ventilation during operation of tunnels as well as water migration from the far-field and (3) heating from ambient temperature up to 100 °C and a subsequent cooling phase. For these highly consolidated clay rocks, a new concept is theoretically derived to explain the effective stress in the particle matrix and experimentally confirmed. The mechanical deformation of the clay rocks is determined by means of short- and long-term compression experiments on quasi water-saturated samples at ambient temperature. Reponses of the clay rocks to humidity changes are examined by drying and wetting the samples under different loading conditions. Thermal effects are studied by heating and cooling the stressed samples under drained and undrained conditions. The main findings are presented and discussed in this paper. x | |||||
Pausz, Sebastian; Nowotny, Hans; Jung, Gerald | Rock mass classification and geotechnical model for the foundation of a RCC gravity dam | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2015 | 436-440 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe paper describes the development of a geological and geotechnical model produced for the design of a hydro power plant and its large RCC (roller compacted concrete) dam. Various in situ and laboratory investigation methods and rock mass classification were introduced for the definition of subsurface parameters and rock mass parameters were derived for design purposes. The mechanical parameters of the rock masses were the basic input for different finite element models that were used in order to evaluate the interacting static system of foundations and structures. The insights gained from this work were used to implement appropriate amendments to the design of the hydropower plant. x | |||||
Walton, Gabriel; Diederichs, Mark; Punkkinen, Allan | The influence of constitutive model selection on predicted stresses and yield in deep mine pillars - A case study at the Creighton mine, Sudbury, Canada | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2015 | 441-449 | Topics |
KurzfassungBased on recent advances in modelling the post-yield behaviour of brittle rock, the authors have developed a calibrated inelastic model of the 7,910 level (2.4 km depth) at the Creighton Mine in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada using data collected from the monitoring of pillar dilatancy. While this calibrated model represents a state-of-the-art continuum approach for capturing the progressive development of yield and stresses in mine pillars, alternative state-of-practice approaches (elastic and perfectly plastic material models, for example) represent potentially acceptable options for practical application. x | |||||
Galler, Robert | Development of resource-efficient tunnelling technologies - Results of the European research project DRAGON | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 4/2015 | 302-309 | Topics |
KurzfassungA wide range of different minerals is found in materials excavated in tunnels. The DRAGON project therefore has the aim of investigating the requirements of the industries producing products from mineral raw materials and who thus could be interested in raw materials derived from underground construction sites. In parallel to the development of advanced online technologies for the analysis of excavated materials, DRAGON is researching the significant requirements for raw materials used in industrial processes; these include grain size distribution, mineralogical composition, geochemistry as well as water content and water absorption properties. x | |||||
Edelmann, Thomas; Himmelsbach, Christian; Barwart, Stefan | Direct use of excavated material in mechanised tunnelling - development of the prototype | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 4/2015 | 310-314 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe DRAGON project (Development of Resource-efficient and Advanced Underground Technologies) is intended to improve resource efficiency in tunnelling processes by providing the excavated material as a raw material. The project deals with the systematic reuse of excavated material from tunnel boring machines (TBMs) and is mainly focussed on the development of specific automated analysis and separation technologies. This enables resource-efficient reuse of excavated material through the installation of innovative technology directly on the TBM. The physical characteristics of excavated material can be concluded by measuring the disc cutter load. The mineralogical and/or elementary parameters will be detected by a fully automated side pass analysis system. For this purpose, Herrenknecht AG and the Montanuniversität Leoben are working with other internationally renowned partners in the framework of the DRAGON project on various methods of characterising excavated material. x | |||||
Petitat, Manuel; von Allmen, Katja; Burdin, Jacques | Automation of rock selection and aggregate quality for reuse in tunnelling and industry | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 4/2015 | 315-320 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe tunneling industry is flourishing around the world. But what about the spoil material? This paper presents the different steps achieved towards an automation of rock selection and aggregate quality assessment for tunnelling to reduce environmental impacts and maximize the use of excavation materials by analyzing and processing TBM muck on-line, inside the tunnel, on the tunnel boring machine. x | |||||
Erben, Hartmut; Galler, Robert; Grechenig, Thomas | MineralBay - the portal for raw materials and projects from subsurface construction / MineralBay - das Portal für mineralische Rohstoffe und Projekte aus dem Untertagebau | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 4/2015 | 321-332 | Topics |
KurzfassungIn order to achieve higher utilisation rates for the material excavated from underground construction sites, one of the main objectives is efficient, digital processing of available data on material, mass and time parameters for the mined rock. Selected information needs to be made available to a wide audience at the same time. This initiates a value chain, which goes far beyond the construction industry and enables successful upcycling. The evolving software MineralBay is committed to this goal by using the internet to bring together owners or suppliers of mineral resources with customers easily, quickly and at any time to facilitate the exchange and trading of raw materials. MineralBay is a management and merchandising system for excavated material, whose speciality is access to and processing of real-time data, e.g. in the form of online material analysis results from tunnel boring machines. The information obtained is used for quality management of already placed excavation material and for gapless documentation of the material flow from the beginning to the end of the construction project. x | |||||
Shonfield, Peter; Anderson, Jane; Boyd, Sarah | A methodology for assessing the environmental benefits of DRAGON technology | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 4/2015 | 333-339 | Topics |
KurzfassungMost excavated material generated from tunnelling projects ends up being deposited on land. The EU funded project “DRAGON” aims to develop technologies to analyse and characterise this material so that the potentially usable fraction can be easily separated from non-usable material. Increasing use of this material by external industries will improve resource efficiency while reducing landfill quantities and disposal costs. One of the project goals is to assess the potential environmental benefits/costs of applying DRAGON technology to planned future EU tunnelling projects. A three stage approach has been adopted to meet this goal. Firstly, the potential for diverting material from landfill must be assessed. To account for the diversity of tunnelling projects, this will be based on an average of 54 recent tunnelling projects. Secondly, a life cycle assessment (LCA) model will be created to allow each of these tunnelling projects to be analysed and the potential benefits of using DRAGON technology will be compared against the ‘business as usual’ case. These results will then be averaged to give the expected environmental costs/benefits per t excavated material. Finally, these costs/benefits will be scaled up to account for the expected amount of material from future European tunnelling projects - expected to be around 800 m. t. x | |||||
Posch, Helmut; Otto, Richard; Huber, Helmut; Murr, Roland; Kager, Matthias; Wagner, Hanns | Recycling of tunnel excavation using the example of the Koralm Tunnel, contract KAT2 - Status April 2015 / Verwertung von Tunnelausbruch am Beispiel des Koralmtunnels, Baulos KAT2 - Stand April 2015 | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 4/2015 | 340-347 | Topics |
KurzfassungContract KAT2 will produce about 8.6 m. t of material excavated from the tunnel. In the course of the design work, maximum reuse of this material was intended, always considering economics and while reducing the environmental impact by minimizing transport and saving resources. More than half of the suitable tunnel spoil will be preliminarily screened and then processed for the production of aggregates for concrete production. After the first year of production, the high losses associated with the preliminary screening and processing demanded measures to improve the processing, which led to an improvement of the recycling quota. The aggregates produced on site so far fulfil the technical requirements for concrete production, even for high strength concrete grades. x | |||||
Maurer, Walter | Light management below ground: lighting technology in tunnelling / Lichtmanagement unter Tage: Beleuchtungstechnik im Tunnelbau | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 4/2015 | 348-355 | Topics |
KurzfassungNew lighting technologies are everywhere and LED (light emitting diode) has become a popular search term for buyers of lighting equipment. The energy saving potential is enormous and energy efficiency has become important in any company, from agricultural and industrial businesses to service providers. To encourage this development, a new law was introduced by the Austrian Ministry of Science, Research and Business in 2014 that requires businesses to determine energy saving potential and reduce energy consumption. Replacement of outdated lighting technologies does have great potential for energy saving, but light is also an essential factor in the world of work, and companies have long underestimated its influence on the performance and motivation of staff. Lighting was and still is a precondition for working underground, but how much light is needed? The following article is intended to draw attention to the importance of light below ground and indicate possible effects on performance and health. x | |||||
Gratzer, Reinhard; Bechtel, Achim; Sachsenhofer, Reinhard F.; Gawlick, Hans-Jürgen | Geogenic versus Anthropogenic: Hydrocarbons in the Spoil from the Falkenstein and Spering Tunnels (A9 Pyhrn Autobahn, Austria) | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 4/2015 | 356-363 | Topics |
KurzfassungIn the Falkenstein und Spering tunnels (A9 Pyhrn Autobahn; Northern Calcareous Alps), hydrocarbon contents (HC Index) in excess of the permitted threshold values were detected in the course of the routine statutory analysis of the excavated material. Comparative detailed geochemical analysis of retained reference samples, operational consumables and core samples from boreholes drilled into the tunnel wall show that threshold values of HC indices in the Reifling Limestone are exceeded due to the presence of locally generated natural hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons were probably formed in marly zones of the carbonate rocks and migrated into the well-developed fracture network. These hydrocarbons are characterized by high contents of n-alkanes, high Ts/(Ts+Tm) ratios, a predominance of C27 and C29 steranes, and the lack of oleanane. Traces of hydrocarbons in the Wetterstein Limestone contain oleanane due to contamination by operating consumables. x | |||||
Thuro, Kurosch; Wilfing, Lisa; Wieser, Carola; Ellecosta, Peter; Käsling, Heiko; Schneider, Eckart | Hard rock TBM Tunnelling - on the way to a better prognosis? / TBM-Hartgesteinsvortriebe: Auf dem Weg zu einer verbesserten Prognose? | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 3/2015 | 191-199 | Topics |
KurzfassungFive universities from Austria, Germany and Switzerland, working intensively together with partners from the industry, client organisations, companies, consultants and TBM manufacturers, have combined to develop a new prognosis model for TBM advance rate and disc wear (the “ALPINE MODEL”). This article presents some new results from the project. Fundamentally, the new model is to be a development of the model from Gehring, which calculates the penetration from the ratio of disc load to uniaxial compression strength. Since this equation was derived from data collected from a limited number of projects in the 1980s, it is of great importance to widen the data base and to establish a standardised process for this purpose. For on-site tests, the “Start-stop-penetration test” is considered the most efficient and suitable method. This test can be carried out with the TBM in the course of tunnelling and thus results in little delay. In addition to the recording of TBM data during the penetration test, detailed geological documentation of the face and the tunnel sides has to be undertaken, accompanied by geomechanical laboratory tests. A large number of such penetration tests have now been carried out on various tunnel projects in order to validate and improve the basic formula. Some of the first results are described in this article. Further themes include the rock mechanical parameters to be used, the influence of the primary stress conditions at the face and the abrasiveness of the rock. x | |||||
Schuller, Erik; Galler, Robert; Barwart, Stefan; Wenighofer, Robert | The transparent face - development work to solve problems in mechanized hard rock tunnelling / Die gläserne Ortsbrust - Entwicklungsarbeiten zur Lösung von Fragestellungen rund um maschinelle Vortriebe im Festgestein | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 3/2015 | 200-210 | Topics |
KurzfassungWhile image-based face documentation is well established in conventional tunnelling, even photogrammetric 3D reconstruction, this technical aid is not available in mechanized tunnelling. In a research project of the Chair of Subsurface Engineering with Geodata GmbH, work is underway to develop an imaging device, which is mounted in the cutterhead of a TBM and takes pictures during the maintenance shift that can be used for a photogrammetric reconstruction of the face. In the present article, the results of the first test images are presented. These were undertaken on a tunnel boring machine on the ÖBB project Koralm Tunnel KAT2 in agreement with the research initiative of the ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG. x |