Artikeldatenbank
Autor(en) | Titel | Zeitschrift | Ausgabe | Seite | Rubrik |
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Meyer, Patrick; Wiesmeier, Ludwig; Jäntschke, Martin | Refurbishment of masonry tunnels through the example of the Kirchberg Tunnel for the DB Netz AG / Instandsetzung von Mauerwerkstunneln am Beispiel des Kirchbergtunnels der DB Netz AG | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 497-506 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe finance available for the refurbishment of tunnels was around EUR 125 m. in 2014, which will increase to EUR 213 m. by 2018. DB Netz AG has a total of more than EUR 1 billion available in the medium term for the refurbishment of existing tunnels. This paper deals with the refurbishment of masonry tunnels of the DB Netz AG, Region South. The basis is the typical damage patterns of masonry tunnels, their causes and the possible refurbishment opportunities. On the Kirchberg Tunnel project, a feasibility study was carried out into possible repair measures. Based on the results of the study plans are now running. The article is supplemented by the latest state of the art rules for maintenance work in the area of tunnel construction at DB AG. The necessity of programmes for tunnelling, the necessary economic and operational constraints as well as experience with completed repairs to masonry tunnels conclude the article from the viewpoint of the owner and operator. x | |||||
Honeger, Christian; Engelbogen, Siegfried; Pucher, Michael | Challenges with regard to road tunnel structures - Assement management by Asfinag / Herausforderungen bei Tunnelanlagen - Asset Management der Asfinag | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 507-515 | Topics |
KurzfassungAsfinag (Autobahnen- und Schnellstraßen-Finanzierungs AG) has the commission to oversee the entire Austrian high-speed road network. Tunnel safety is an important focus. In the period between 2004, when the tunnel improvement programme started, and the first months of 2019, about EUR 5.7 billion will have been invested in the upgrading of tunnels as well as the optimisation of tunnel safety equipment. Along with these investments, there is also a focus on optimising the performance of lifecycles without risking non-compliance with safety standards. Tunnel refurbishment measures are planned and carried out on the basis of regular checks and assessments, taking into consideration requirements with regard to both construction engineering and electrical equipment while at the same time pursuing the aim of optimising cost-effectiveness. This paper also addresses the challenges resulting from the fact that the lifecycle of the tunnel structure differs from that of the tunnel equipment. Both the medium-term and the long-term planning of refurbishment measures should be prepared in detail to the greatest extent possible, so that the organisation can best guarantee both safety and cost-effectiveness. x | |||||
Heissenberger, Roman; Holcik, Alfred | Maintenance of rail tunnels - Strategy with vision / Instandhaltung von Eisenbahntunneln - Strategie mit Weitblick | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 516-523 | Topics |
KurzfassungRail tunnels in Austria have to be amortized over an economic life of 150 years, so asset allocation has to focus on project control, project support and on predictive maintenance of tunnel lining and dewatering systems. Especially in view of the increase in total tunnel length by more than 100 per cent within the next ten years, the principles of predictive maintenance have to be improved. For this purpose, the development of proofed hybrid multi-scale methods is necessary. These methods have been used in the past to evaluate stresses in shotcrete linings, and future strategies could use the same methods for stress evaluation in the whole support structure. The second major point concentrates on work on monitoring and prediction of deposits in drain pipes. We have to look closely at filling levels and the degree of hardness of the deposits. x | |||||
Rebhan, Matthias J.; Vorwagner, Alois; Kwapisz, Maciej; Marte, Roman; Tschuchnigg, Franz; Burtscher, Stefan L. | Safety assessment of existing retaining structures / Sicherheitsbewertung bestehender Stützbauwerke | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 524-532 | Topics |
KurzfassungOver the last years, an increase of damages and defects of geotechnical structures has been observed during detailed safety assessments. This is mostly related to the rising age of these structures and the related decrease of the bearing capacity. The handling and dealing with these existing structures will be a challenging task for future civil engineers. This article should give an insight into damages and defects of retaining structures, which are quite difficult to detect and evaluate in terms of safety and risk. The first part of the article gives a short overview on the state of the art when it comes to the safety assessment of existing retaining structures and introduces a new, currently being edited, ÖGG guideline for this field of civil engineering. The second part deals with corrosion-induced damages on cantilever walls and shows first results of the research project SIBS (safety assessment of existing retaining structures). x | |||||
Seywald, Christian; Helmberger, Albert; Matt, Robert | An innovative method of upgrading old rail tunnels under continued operation - Example Rekawinkler- and Kleiner Dürreberg Tunnel / Innovative Methode zur Ertüchtigung alter Eisenbahntunnel unter Betrieb - Beispiel Rekawinkler- und Kleiner Dürrebergtunnel | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 533-541 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe ÖBB-Infrastruktur AG operates and maintains 246 tunnels and similar structures with an overall length of approx. 250 km. Nearly 150 of these structures are more than 100 years old, 35 of them are over 150 years old. Ageing processes, the impact of train traffic, ground conditions and environmental conditions are causing progressive damage to the tunnel linings, which - in order to maintain safe railway operation - requires ongoing maintenance procedures. Those procedures are carried out under a range of restrictions concerning availability, which is one of the most important principles at the ÖBB after safety. In order to obtain continuous availability of the facility, new methods of refurbishment were developed for the two double-track tunnels Rekawinkler Tunnel and Kleine Dürreberg. The described methods enabled extensive repair works of the tunnels, mostly with uninterrupted train traffic on the second track. x | |||||
Grossauer, Karl; Modetta, Flavio; Tanner, Urs | The "Standard Tunnel Construction Method" of Rhaetian Railways / Die "Normalbauweise Tunnel" der Rhätischen Bahn | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 542-550 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe Rhaetian Railways AG (RhB) operates an approximately 384 km long rail network, predominantly in the Canton of Graubünden (CH). With much of this rail network being situated in Alpine terrain, extensive engineering infrastructure is used; approx. 20 % of the entire rail system consists of such structures. The majority of these engineering structures are the 115 tunnels with a combined length of 58.7 km, constructed between 1901 and 1914. Due to the age of the tunnels, more than half of the 115 tunnels require renovation. The RhB has estimated that approximately 75 of these tunnel structures (with a combined length of approx. 26 km) will require extensive repair within the next 50 years. Thus a new standardized rehabilitation strategy was developed under the name “Standard Tunnel Construction Method” to ensure that the existing rail tunnels satisfy current tunnel design standards [1]. The primary goal of the “Standard Tunnel Construction Method” is to ensure that renovation costs are consistently lower compared to previous renovations by following a standardized workflow process. The primary challenges associated with such renovations are concerned with determining the extent of repair required for the tunnel as well as creating a feasible concept, which allows for the tunnel to be repaired while still remaining operational. Using the “Standard Tunnel Construction Method”, it is possible to optimize the tunnel rehabilitation strategy while maximizing quality and minimizing monetary costs. x | |||||
Schwarz, Christian; Schierl, Heimo | Integration of reflection seismic data into the documentation during the construction of the Brenner Base Tunnel / Einbindung von Reflexionsseismik in die Dokumentation beim Bau des Brenner Basistunnels | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 552-560 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe 64 km long Brenner Base Tunnel will be the longest railway tunnel in the world when complete. As part of this mega project, an exploratory tunnel is currently under construction with a tunnel boring machine ( 8 m). Even though a geological model along the tunnel route was generated beforehand from the results of geological field mapping and deep drilling campaigns from the surface, some uncertainties persist due to the high overburden of up to 1,300 m. In particular, several fault systems intersect the tunnel route, but their position and orientation is uncertain. The excavation work is being documented with geological and geotechnical data, continuously updating the current geological model. Continuous seismic prediction measurements are integrated into this revision process. The aim is the detection, location and characterization of (sub-)perpendicular to (sub-)parallel fault zones ahead and to the side of the tunnel, based on the principle of body wave propagation. In a case study of a seismic campaign, the smooth integration of the acquisition into the regular advance is presented and the obtained 3D seismic models are compared to the geological documentation of the site geologists. It will be shown how the seismic analysis gives an added value for the advance and how it benefits the geological forecast for the forthcoming main tunnels. x | |||||
Gaich, Andreas; Pötsch, Markus; Schubert, Wulf | Digital rock mass characterization 2017 - Where are we now? What comes next? | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 561-566 | Topics |
Kurzfassung3GSM rolled out its first rock mass characterization system for conventional tunnelling in 2005. It consisted of a digital camera, as well as software components for 3D image generation and geologic mapping. It took several years before such a system became standard procedure on tunnelling sites. The same principles were applied later to mechanised tunnelling in hard rock using a TBM leading to its first regular application starting in 2016. This contribution provides a description of the state of the art in digital rock mass characterization, as well as possible extensions that are currently available such as the use of tablet computers for on site rock mass characterization or analytic (automatic) rock mass characterization. It ends with an outlook of what may come next in the near future, e.g. the use of mixed reality devices in the tunnel. x | |||||
Weichenberger, Franz Peter; Pischinger, Gerald | Geological documentation - Conditions, status quo and future development / Baugeologische Dokumentation - Anforderungen, Status quo und zukünftige Entwicklungen | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 567-573 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe construction of subsurface underground structures poses a special challenge for the involved project team. The goal of geological documentation is to record the conditions as precisely as possible and provide support to the entire team based on this information. To this end, the situation is recorded during the advance, sketches are drawn, digital photos are taken and measurements are made. It has now become standard practice to store and evaluate the data obtained digitally. For this purpose powerful computerized information systems have been developed to store and evaluate large amounts of data. Geological observations in underground construction are almost exclusively spatial information and are recorded in three dimensions. In addition to the types of rocks encountered, the positional relationships of the geological bodies to each other and the discontinuity system of the rock mass have a great influence on the stability of the cavity. Future developments will be concerned with the integration of the geological data into BIM systems. Compared to present GIS techniques this will enable a more effcient aggregation with other tunnel construction data. Mobile applications will make it possible to record observations directly in digital form, thus avoiding redundancies. x | |||||
Wagner, Oliver Kai; Fasching, Alfred; Stadlmann, Thomas; Vanek, Robert | Semmering Base Tunnel - Ground characterisation for tendering and construction / Semmering-Basistunnel - Gebirgsansprache in Ausschreibung und Bau | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 574-583 | Topics |
KurzfassungSince the start of construction on contract SBT3.1 in May 2016, all three tunnel construction contracts for the Semmering Base Tunnel are now under construction. From the geological and geotechnical point of view, this represents the transition from the geotechnical prediction for the design for tendering to the documentation in the course of construction. The paper describes the considerations about the systematics of ground characterisation and the definition of ground types in the course of producing the ground prediction for the design for tendering. It also describes the requirements for the documentation of ground conditions encountered during the advance, the updating of the prediction for the daily specification of support measures and the comparison of prediction and actual conditions for contractual purposes. x | |||||
Scholz, Marcus; Spaun, Georg | Good documentation is always objective / Die gute Dokumentation ist stets objektiv | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 584-590 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe basis for reliable geological documentation is absolute objectivity. The encountered geological conditions should be documented to the latest technical and scientific standards without any ulterior motive. This is so important because geological documentation is often the basis for essential decisions or assessments. The significance of geological documentation is sometimes underestimated. Without reliable documentation, facts are irretrievably lost. Sometimes geological documentation is biased, and principally serves for the justification of claims or serves to negate deviations from the conditions predicted in the tender documents. This sort of documentation is wrong and can also damage reputations. x | |||||
Dich, Christopher; Barwart, Christian | Headrace system of HPP Obervermuntwerk II - Geotechnical design and experience / Triebwasserweg Obervermuntwerk II - Geotechnische Planung, Ausführungskonzept und Bauerfahrungen | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 591-601 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe Vorarlberger Illwerke AG is constructing the 360 MW Obervermuntwerk II pumped storage power. The project area is located in the upper Montafon, Austria. The head between the elevations of the “Silvrettaspeicher” and “Vermuntspeicher” reservoirs will be exploited for production of electric energy. The Obervermuntwerk II is designed as a pumped storage plant with two highly flexible turbine/pump sets to operate the so called “hydraulic short-circuit”. At maximum gross head of 317 m and a maximum design discharge of Q = 150 m3/s, an electric power of 360 MW will be generated, which is equal to the pumping power. Upon completion, it will be the second largest pumped storage power plant of the Vorarlberger Illwerke AG. The construction of the approx. 500 million project began in May 2014 and is expected to start operating in 2018. The paper describes the underground waterway, its geotechnical design, the implementation concept and the construction experience gained up to June 2017. x | |||||
Bonapace, Paul; Hammer, Andreas | Strain measurements at the transition from a rock supported to an unsupported steel lined pressure tunnel at the Kaunertal hydropower station / Dehnungsmessungen am Ãœbergang der Druckstollenpanzerung in die freitragende Rohrleitung beim Kaunertalkraftwerk | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 602-610 | Topics |
KurzfassungA new steel-lined pressure shaft was constructed for the existing Kaunertal high-head hydropower plant in the years 2012 to 2015. Before starting operation, initial filling tests were carried out in particular to investigate the behaviour of a steel penstock at the transition from a steel lined pressure tunnel to an open pipe section. Cases with and without steel ring bearings (thrust rings) to transfer the end loads to the rock mass were numerically analysed and compared to measurements. A conclusion is drawn from the measurement results how to arrange and analyse such a steel pipe transition into the rock mass, which may for example occur at valve chambers. x | |||||
Pikl, Franz Georg; Richter, Wolfgang; Zenz, Gerald | Pumped storage technology combined with thermal energy storage - Power station and pressure tunnel concept / Pumpspeichertechnologie kombiniert mit thermischer Energiespeicherung - Kraftwerks- und Druckstollenkonzept | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 611-619 | Topics |
KurzfassungWater power is the oldest and most-used energy source for provision of mechanical work and electricity generation. Furthermore pumped storage hydropower is ranked as the most reliable and efficient storage technology for electricity. The energy carrier water is also the most commonly-used thermal storage medium due to its high specific heat capacity. In a study, the combination of electrical and thermal energy storage in a pumped storage power station is investigated in order to cover two energy-intensive sectors with the economical double use of water as an energy medium. With this double application the energy output compared to separate storage usage can be considerably increased. x | |||||
Richter, Wolfgang; Vereide, Kaspar; Zenz, Gerald | Upgrading of a Norwegian pressurized sand trap combined with an open air surge tank | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 620-624 | Topics |
KurzfassungIn 1988 the Tonstad power plant (Norway) was upgraded from 640 to 960 MW. The headrace system to the reservoirs was not upgraded except for an additional pressure shaft, surge tank and an additional sand trap. Even with about 50 % higher discharge in the main tunnel, the sand traps worked adequately after the commissioning. However, in recent years, higher flexibility of demand is challenging the power plant and has resulted in events with flushing of sediments to the turbines. Higher flexibility demands also challenge the current surge tank design. During one event, free surface flow is believed to have occurred in the sand trap since severe damage to two of the turbines was observed. This contribution presents the background of the power system situation at the Tonstad power plant and the current flexibility demands of the power market and its challenges for the hydraulic system, as well as the proposals to solve the sand trap issues and the oscillation demands for the surge tank. The paper discusses the possibility of utilizing a model predictive controller with real-time flow simulations to solve the challenges without structural reconstruction, and possible options should structural reconstruction be necessary. The contribution compares analysed options for improving the efficiency of sand traps. Finally, an outlook is offered to future demands for flexibility in hydropower plants with increasing supply of renewable power sources. x | |||||
Product Information: Geomechanics and Tunnelling 5/2017 | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 625-628 | Product Informations | |
KurzfassungSafe tunnelling at the Fröschnitzgraben using DSI's ground support products / Sicherer Vortrieb am Fröschnitzgraben mit Stützmitteln der DSI x | |||||
Diary of Events: Geomechanics and Tunnelling 5/2017 | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 629-630 | Diary of Events | |
Imprint: Geomechanics and Tunnelling 5/2017 | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 5/2017 | 631 | Imprint | |
Inhalt: Mauerwerk 5/2017 | Mauerwerk | 5/2017 | Inhalt | ||
Schoch, Torsten | Progressively sceptical ... / Progressiv skeptisch ... | Mauerwerk | 5/2017 | 271-272 | Editorials |
Schöndube, Tim; Carrigan, Svenja; Kornadt, Oliver; Schoch, Torsten | Standard of nearly zero energy buildings in Germany / Standard von Niedrigstenergiegebäuden in Deutschland | Mauerwerk | 5/2017 | 273-286 | Fachthemen |
KurzfassungThe European Union intends to reduce the energy consumption in the building sector. The European Directive 2010/31/EU requires the definition of national standards for nearly zero energy buildings. This article presents a research study supported as part of the research initiative “Zukunft Bau” of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety for the definition of a nearly zero energy building standard for new buildings in Germany. First, the methodology is discussed, then the first results of a variant study on a model building are presented and discussed. x | |||||
Kreft, Oliver | Autoclaved aerated concrete with sulphate content: an environmentally friendly, durable and recyclable building material / Sulfathaltiger Porenbeton: Ein umweltfreundlicher, langlebiger und recyclingfähiger Baustoff | Mauerwerk | 5/2017 | 287-296 | Fachthemen |
KurzfassungAutoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) contains a small quantity of sulphate. For example, a modern quality class PP2-0,35 AAC (&lgr; = 0.09 W/(mK)) from Xella contains about five per cent by mass of sulphate in the form of gypsum or anhydrite. The addition of sulphate reduces shrinkage and enhances compressive strength and durability. AAC thus has an almost unrestricted lifetime. Regarding the environmental acceptability of sulphate, dogmatic discussions have been held for years. What is certain: sulphate is not a hazardous substance. Calcium sulphate (gypsum) has been categorised according to the Directive (EC) No. 1272/2008 (CLP) as not hazardous. Xella's voluntary environmental declarations for AAC confirm not only the excellent ecological balance of this product but also the absence of hazardous substances. x | |||||
Anders, Nicole | Detection possibilities of pore structures / Detektionsmöglichkeiten von Porenstrukturen | Mauerwerk | 5/2017 | 298-306 | Fachthemen |
KurzfassungAutoclaved aerated concrete, hereafter referred to as AAC, is characterized as a building material by its very good thermal insulation. This is achieved by a very high porosity of the microstructure. The size of the pores ranges from millimetres to nanometres and depends on the position as well as on the origin of the pore. These can be differentiated into propellant pores, web pores and intercrystalline or interparticle pores. Because of the broad pore size range, it has not been fully explained until now, which pore sizes significantly affect the building material qualities and to what extent. The overall pore size distribution of AAC can only be detected by a combination of different microstructure analysis methods. x | |||||
Mazur, René; Purkert, Benjamin | Extension of the conditions for application of the simplified calculation methods according to DIN EN 1996-3/NA for the design of unreinforced masonry walls / Erweiterung der Anwendungsgrenzen der vereinfachten Berechnungsmethoden nach DIN EN 1996-3/NA zur Bemessung unbewehrter Mauerwerkswände | Mauerwerk | 5/2017 | 306-319 | Fachthemen |
KurzfassungDedicated to University Prof. Dr.-Ing. Carl-Alexander Graubner for his 60th birthday x | |||||
Förster, Valentin | Load-bearing capacity of slender unreinforced masonry compression members under biaxial bending / Tragfähigkeit schlanker unbewehrter Mauerwerksdruckglieder unter schiefer Biegebeanspruchung | Mauerwerk | 5/2017 | 320-331 | Fachthemen |
KurzfassungDedicated to Prof. Dr.-Ing. Carl-Alexander Graubner on the occasion of his 60th birthday x |