Artikeldatenbank
Autor(en) | Titel | Zeitschrift | Ausgabe | Seite | Rubrik |
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Irmler, Ralf; Türtscher, Matthias; Hagenhofer, Hannes; Schweiger, Horst | From dust till dawn - Experience from 14 km of "dry tunnel drive" / From dust till dawn - Baubetriebliche Erfahrungen aus 14 Kilometer "Trockener Vortrieb" | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 3/2020 | 302-312 | Topics |
KurzfassungAs part of the reorganization of the Stuttgart railway node, many tunnels had to be driven through the rock formation of gypsum Keuper (Grabfeld Formation), which contains anhydrite. In contact with water, the mineral anhydrite converts into the mineral gypsum with a resulting increase of volume. To prevent damage to the tunnel structure and the buildings above the tunnel as a result of this swelling process, the tunnelling work had to be carried out dry. No water was allowed for cleaning, drilling or for dust reduction. Dry tunnelling for hundreds of metres in this form and intensity is a novelty. There were no empirical values. In this article the special features of a dry tunnelling are presented. A target-actual comparison or geotechnical deformations should be deliberately avoided, although some peculiarities only result from changes to the contractual framework. x | |||||
Gschösser, Florian; Tautschnig, Arnold; Auderer, Stefan | Work-sampling studies applied for unit rate determination of labour-intensive tunneling processes | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 3/2020 | 315-326 | Topics |
KurzfassungWork-sampling studies are typically applied to determine unit rates (a measure of construction labour productivity) for labour-intensive building construction processes. This study analyses how this methodology can be adapted for application to labour-intensive tunnelling processes, e.g. the construction of the inner lining. Therefore, first, the application of the work-sampling methodology for typical building construction process (wall formwork processes for a classical reinforced concrete building structure) was analysed. On this basis, a detailed work-sampling study for constructing the inner lining of a railway tunnel was prepared and performed. Thereby, the usage of a tablet computer was tested instead of analogue execution with paper forms. The study demonstrated that work-sampling studies allow the determination of average unit rates of tunnelling processes (for specific project and construction properties). Furthermore, the methodology allows to identify detailed unit rates with the goal to demonstrate specific influences (e.g. disturbances), which can be further utilized in construction and site management as well as claim management processes, such as the determination of productivity losses. However, the double analysis carried out for the tunnel inner lining (reinforcing and tunnelling workforce) and the size of the analysed workforces (up to ten workers) showed the limits for a one-person work-sampling study. x | |||||
Latal, Christine; Bach, Holger; Thuro, Kurosch | Application of test methods for tool wear in quality control of railway ballast / Anwendung von Werkzeugverschleißtests zur Qualitätssicherung von Bahnschotter | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 3/2020 | 327-337 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe resistance of aggregates to abrasion estimated by the Micro-Deval test is an important mechanical parameter for aggregates used as railway ballast. At present, testing intervals are sparse due to the cost of the tests. Cost-efficient testing methods would be greatly appreciated. A detailed study of the applicability of alternative testing methods, as commonly used to estimate the potential of a rock or soil to cause wear to a tool (LCPC Abroy test and Cerchar test), demonstrates the advantage of implementing these testing methods in addition to the recommended tests. x | |||||
Ehrbar, Heinz; Franz, Stefan; Weiner, Thorsten; Fentzloff, Wolfgang; Frodl, Stephan | Digital Design, Building and Operation of Underground Structures - DAUB Recommendation for BIM in Tunnelling / Digitales Planen, Bauen und Betreiben von Untertagebauten - DAUB-Empfehlung zu BIM im Untertagebau | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 2/2020 | 147-163 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe digitalisation of many areas of the economy is progressing, also in construction, where the intention is to provide information about built facilities for decision-makers concerning the design, building and operation of construction works in a consistently high quality, easily read and data-based. Until now, digitalisation in construction has been retarded by the high complexity of construction, which should however now rapidly change. The DAUB recommendation “Digital Design, Building and Operation of Underground Structures” is intended to make a contribution in this regard. x | |||||
Goger, Gerald; Bisenberger, Tobias | Digitalization in infrastructure construction - Developments in construction operations / Digitalisierung im Infrastrukturbau - Baubetriebliche Entwicklungen | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 2/2020 | 165-177 | Topics |
KurzfassungTransport infrastructure is a fundamental cornerstone for mobility of the population and also functions as a motor for the economy. New digital methods along the value chain will be used to digitally support the process in the future, from the very first project idea, through tendering and construction to the maintenance of infrastructure projects. The four levers of digital transformation - data, automation, networks and access - will have a significant impact on this process in infrastructure construction. Networking of data sources and storage of data in off-grid databases is already possible, a development which enables project participants to analyse the construction data, process it and at the same time use it as a documentation basis during the development phase and for later maintenance measures. Such a well-founded digital database can be used to evaluate, optimize and completely document construction-related processes. This paper deals with various digital application areas in infrastructure construction and provides an overview of digitalisation developments in this field. x | |||||
Cudrigh-Maislinger, Susanna; Hruschka, Sabine; Niedermoser, Christoph; Torggler, Nathan; Steiner, Peter | Karawanken Tunnel northern section, conception and execution of a BIM pilot project / Karawankentunnel Nord, Konzept und Ausführung eines BIM-Pilotprojekts | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 2/2020 | 178-189 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe BIM pilot project for the Karawanken Tunnel North consists of three main components, 3D modeling of the geological prognosis and actual conditions, the inner lining and inner components of the tunnel and the portal building and road elements at the portal. The pilot project was started when the preliminary design of the tunnel was already done. Only the portal building was done in BIM from the beginning. For the tunnel lining, the 3D modeling, quantity check and simplified 4D and 5D procedures together with the contractor were the main issues. A major effort had to be invested into data structuring following IFC and Asfinag requirements. Currently the tunnel is being advanced. Regular workshops are held to re-define the project targets and improve the achievement of the pilot project. x | |||||
Marcher, Thomas; Erharter, Georg H.; Winkler, Manuel | Machine Learning in tunnelling - Capabilities and challenges | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 2/2020 | 191-198 | Topics |
KurzfassungDigitalization will change the way of gathering geological data, methods of rock classification, application of design analyses in the field of tunnelling as well as tunnel construction and maintenance processes. In recent years, a rapid increase in the successful application of digital techniques (Building Information Modelling and Machine Learning (ML)) for a variety of challenging tasks has been observed. Driven by the increasing overall amount of data combined with the easy availability of more computing power, a sharp increase in the successful deployment of techniques of ML has been seen for different tasks. ML has been introduced in many sciences and technologies and it has finally arrived in the fields of geotechnical engineering, tunnelling and engineering geology, although still not as far developed as in other disciplines. This paper focuses on the potential of ML methods for geotechnical purposes in general and tunnelling in particular. Applications such as automatic rock mass behaviour classification using data from tunnel boring machines (TBM), updating of the geological prognosis ahead of the tunnel face, data driven interpretation of 3D displacement data or fully automatic tunnel inspection will be discussed. x | |||||
Weichenberger, Franz Peter; Schwaiger, Christian; Höfer-Öllinger, Giorgio | From geological mapping to representation in BIM / Von der geologischen Aufnahme zur BIM-Repräsentation | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 2/2020 | 199-211 | Topics |
KurzfassungStarting with geological field mapping in the tunnel, a process can be implemented to transform all geological observations into data structures for later use in BIM systems. All necessary basics are already available and a reference implementation has been programmed. When corresponding standards become available, which will be the case in the next one to two years, universal interchangeability of the information will also be provided. This will ensure that the ground model can be maintained through the life cycle, and the ground - as part of the Digital Twin of the structure - is available in later project phases like operation, maintenance, enlargement und renaturation. x | |||||
Alsahly, Abdullah; Hegemann, Felix; König, Markus; Meschke, Günther | Integrated BIM-to-FEM approach in mechanised tunnelling | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 2/2020 | 212-220 | Topics |
KurzfassungIn current tunnelling practice, Finite Element (FE) simulations form an integral element in the planning and the design phase of mechanised tunnelling projects. The generation of adequate computational models is often time consuming and requires data from many different sources, in particular, when manually generated using 2D-CAD drawings. Incorporating Building Information Modelling (BIM) concepts offers opportunities to simplify this process by using geometrical BIM sub-models as a basis for structural analyses. This paper presents a Tunnel Information Model (TIM) as a BIM specifically tailored to fit the needs of mechanised tunnelling projects and a “BIM-to-FEM” technology, that automatically extracts relevant information (geology, alignment, lining, material and process parameters) needed for FE simulations from BIM sub-models and subsequently performs FE analysis of the tunnel drive. The results of the analysis are stored centrally on a data server to which the user has continuous access. A case study from the Wehrhahn-Metro line project in Düsseldorf, Germany, is presented and discussed to demonstrate the efficiency and the applicability of the proposed BIM-to-FEM workflow. x | |||||
Weil, Jonas | Digital ground models in tunnelling - Status, chances and risks / Digitale Baugrundmodelle im Tunnelbau - Status, Chancen und Risiken | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 2/2020 | 221-236 | Topics |
KurzfassungDigital data acquisition and processing in geology and geotechnics are essential in all phases of a tunnelling project. This article describes typical work flows of engineering geology and the digital tools used, and discusses the requirements, chances and risks associated with the integration of ground models into BIM projects. The handling of factual data is depicted, but the main topic is the development and application of interpreted geological models for tunnelling. Aspects like the transferred information and its localisation, uncertainty of a prediction and requirements for formats, data structures and software environment are discussed. Efficient exchange and long-term usability of information demands clear definitions for the specialist models and use cases to be covered. x | |||||
Wenighofer, Robert; Waldhart, Johannes; Eder, Nina; Zach, Katharina | BIM use case - Payment of tunnel excavation classes - Example Zentrum am Berg / BIM-Anwendungsfall (AwF) Abrechnung-Vortrieb am Beispiel des Zentrums am Berg | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 2/2020 | 237-248 | Topics |
KurzfassungBIM modelling of infrastructure works is controlled by a global market consisting of few software suppliers and is contingent upon the functions provided by them. Customization options furnished by the software suppliers often enable enhancement of functions, which is essential for infrastructure BIM although not completely available. This enables improved interoperability of the software tools used in this area. IFC is most likely to become an established international format for data exchange with its constant but also intricate further development. However, in underground infrastructure construction, both international and national standards are used and the integration of the latter in IFC cannot be anticipated. Hence, the implementation of BIM has to apply national standards in the use cases of collaborative data exchange among the different disciplines in tunnelling. In this contribution, the use case of payment of excavation classes and its implementation in a BIM environment are addressed. It discusses the interoperable interlinkage of software tools commonly used in construction to generate consistent digital data transfer and it underscores the need for an interdisciplinary agreement to integrate national standards into adequate practice for the implementation of BIM. x | |||||
Hofmann, Robert; Vollmert, Lars | Rockfall embankments: Construction and Design / Steinschlagschutzdämme: Konstruktion und Bemessung | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 1/2020 | 21-31 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe introduction of Austrian standard ONR 24810 provides a design concept for earth dams to protect against massive rockfall events. The essential basis for the concept is the differentiation into five construction types of rockfall embankments due to different system behaviour. The structure therefore has to be assigned to one type at the beginning of the design process. The types available for selection are a simple earth dam (type I), a dam with quarry stone facing (type II), a geosynthetic-reinforced dam without increased crosswise distribution of the impact loads (type III), a geosynthetic-reinforced dam with increased crosswise distribution (type IVa) and with strongly increased crosswise distribution (type IVb) of the impact loads. Eurocode 7 (EC 7) is considered accordingly. The design concept is currently being discussed and used in Austria, Switzerland, Germany and Norway. Presented are the design principle and the construction as executive summary. x | |||||
Marte, Roman; Hofmann, Robert | Creeping large-scale landslides - Characterisation and assessment of safety / Kriechförmig verlaufende Großmassenbewegungen - Charakterisierung und Bewertungen des Sicherheitszustands | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 1/2020 | 32-51 | Topics |
KurzfassungThis article investigates to what extent a “condition and safety assessment” with a classically defined safety factor &eegr; (now partial safety factor or load factor) is useful or indeed possible for creeping slides of large masses as are often encountered in the Alps, or whether different quantities like the displacement rate and its change with time are more useful for the description of the condition of such large-scale slides. This discussion is held under the viewpoint that various procedures with different results are available for the determination of such a “safety factor” and consequently there are also justified discrepancies between experts in the assessment of such a “safety factor for the current state” of the moving slope. The authors are of the opinion that the partial safety factors required by standards or former “safety factors” are predominantly intended for engineering structures, earthworks and dams but not generally for creeping slopes. In this case, classification of creep rate and the geological engineering assessment are always preferred. This is illustrated with two examples. x | |||||
Nagl, Georg; Hübl, Johannes | Debris-flow impact and interaction with protection structures - Monitoring barrier at the Gadria torrent, Southern Tyrol / Einwirkung von Murgängen auf Schutzbauwerke - Das Messbauwerk am Gadriabach, Südtirol | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 1/2020 | 52-56 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe interaction between a protection structure and an acting process (e.g. debris flow) has only been described in a few publications so far. In particular, the acting forces and stresses have only been measured under real conditions in a few cases. Therefore it was necessary to design a monitoring barrier that could measure both the process parameters and the forces involved and their transfer into the ground. Such a structure was built 2016 in the Gadria torrent (South Tyrol). Data has meanwhile been measured, recorded and evaluated from five debris flows. With flow heights up to 2 m, densities up to 2,200 kg/m3 and velocities between 1 and 6 m/s, the measured impact forces could be compared with the existing loading approaches. The findings serve as a basis for the improvement of approaches for the design of protection structures. x | |||||
Preh, Alexander | Falls originating from rock slopes - Runout evaluation using numerical models / Sturzprozesse ausgehend von Felsböschungen: Abschätzung der Reichweite mithilfe numerischer Modelle | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 1/2020 | 59-73 | Topics |
KurzfassungRunout processes originating from rock slopes can be classified according to their process behaviour into rockfall, rock mass fall and rock avalanche. Their process behaviour is primarily determined by the volume of the detached rock mass, the degree of fragmentation of the moving mass and the morphology and nature of the runout path. The initial conditions of these processes depend on the initial failure mechanism. It is difficult to predict the runout and magnitudes of these types of rapid landslides since the complexity of the processes requires major simplifications in the calculation approaches. A good understanding of the process and clear mechanical model conceptions are therefore crucial in the development and choice of prediction models. The paper presents a classification of the runout processes originating from rock slopes on the basis of clearly defined mechanical models and provides an overview of the currently available models for prediction. x | |||||
Osten, Julian; Küppers, Jan; Dufresne, Anja; Huwiler, Andreas; Amann, Florian | Deep seated gravitational slope deformation of the southern Heinzenberg (Grison, Switzerland) / Tiefgreifende Hangdeformation am südlichen Heinzenberg - Geotechnical assessment of the refilling of the Lüschersee / Geotechnische Beurteilung der Wiederauffüllung des Lüschersees | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 1/2020 | 74-87 | Topics |
KurzfassungA mass movement of several m/year towards the Nolla stream was detected at the southern Heinzenberg (Grisons, Switzerland) in the 19th century. Debris flows originating from the upper stream valley reached the Hinterrhein valley at irregular intervals, creating temporary dams, which raised the river > 10 m above normal levels. Since 1870, comprehensive mitiga tion strategies, including torrent control and drainage of the 3-ha Lüschersee lake situated in the landslide area, have reduced the deformation velocity to approx. 4.3 cm/year and prevented further debris flows. x | |||||
Hormes, Anne; Adams, Marc; Amabile, Anna Sara; Blauensteiner, Franz; Demmler, Christian; Fey, Christine; Ostermann, Marc; Rechberger, Christina; Sausgruber, Thomas; Vecchiotti, Filippo; Vick, Louise M.; Zangerl, Christian | Innovative methods to monitor rock and mountain slope deformation / Innovative Methoden zur Erfassung von Hangdeformationen | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 1/2020 | 88-102 | Topics |
KurzfassungDisplacement rates of mountain slope deformations that can affect entire valley mountain flanks are often measured spatially distributed in-situ without spatial significance. The spatially explicit measurement and recording of time series of slope deformations is a challenge, as the unstable slopes are often disintegrated into several subdomains, which move with different deformation rates. The current state-of-the-art monitoring systems detect slow to very slow deformation rates between mm/a and several m/a. Using the examples of slope deformations in Saalbach-Hinterglemm and the deep rock slide Marzellkamm in Austria this paper presents the results of terrestrial laser scans, extensometer measurements, Spaceborne InSAR data, unmanned Aerial System Photogrammetry (UAS-P), and fixed-point measurements. The different measurements complement each other and are optimally aligned for different application areas. InSAR data can help to identify hot spots on regional and local scale, while UAS-P enables for spatially high level accuracy in the detection of subdomains moving at different speeds. For local warning systems TLS, extensometers and GBInSAR deliver higher accuracy. x | |||||
Thuro, Kurosch; Singer, John; Menschik, Bettina; Breuninger, Tamara; Gamperl, Moritz | Development of an early warning system for landslides in the tropical Andes (MedellÃn; Colombia) / Entwicklung eines Frühwarnsystems für Rutschungen in den tropischen Anden (MedellÃn, Kolumbien) | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 1/2020 | 103-115 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe Inform@Risk project aims to develop a cost-effective but sufficiently accurate, easy-to-maintain early warning system (EWS) for informal settlements on the margins of large cities, adapted to tropical climatic conditions in South American mountain regions. This EWS will be implemented on the outskirts of the Bello Oriente district in Medellín. The area is characterized by an elevation of around 2,000 m, a medium slope inclination of 20° to 30° and deeply weathered crystalline rocks, which are particularly sensitive to shallow landslides during heavy precipitation. In addition to the development of a geo-sensor network with complex data integration and real-time evaluation, the main focus of the project is the social integration of the EWS both with the municipal authorities, which are going to take over the system after completion of the three-year project, and with the population living in the settlement. This report describes the project and the specifications of the EWS and presents first results from the field work. x | |||||
Bacher, Michael; Nipitsch, Gernot; Fruhwirt, Daniel; Sturm, Peter | Semmering Base Tunnel - Keeping shafts free of ice through the example of the Fröschnitz 2 supply shaft / Semmering-Basistunnel - Eisfreihaltung von Schächten am Beispiel des Versorgungsschachts Fröschnitz 2 | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2019 | 631-637 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe Fröschnitz 1 and Fröschnitz 2 supply shafts of the Semmering Base Tunnel are used for the ventilation of the tunnel drives, transport of personnel, materials and machinery and as escape and rescue routes. Until the final completion of the concrete inner lining in the shafts, water still emerges repeatedly at the surface at a few locations of the shotcrete support layer. This led above all for the Fröschnitz 2 shaft to ice formation during longer periods with outside air temperatures below the freezing point of water with simultaneous operation of the fresh air supply. The effectiveness of warm air supply was investigated with thermodynamic and aerodynamic investigations and then the cost-effectiveness of two selected systems to provide warm air were considered. The aerodynamic simulations showed that in particular the entry angle of the warm fresh air flow is decisive for the magnitude of the warm air losses. x | |||||
Cordes, Tobias; Weifner, Tassilo; Unteregger, David; Bergmeister, Konrad | Interaction between deep tunnel drives and an existing tunnel in fault zones - Modelling against reality / Wechselwirkungen zwischen tiefliegendem Tunnelvortrieb und bestehendem Tunnel im Bereich von Störzonen - Modellierung versus Realität | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2019 | 641-650 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe influence of a tunnel drive on an existing tunnel is primarily the result of the tunnel geometries, the relative location of the two tunnels, the geological-geomechanical conditions and the associated primary stress state. During construction of the Brenner Base Tunnel, there are constructionally relevant interactions in some places between the running tunnels and the exploratory tunnel (EKS) running centrally and 12 m deeper. The rock mass stress as a result of driving the running tunnels here leads to deformations of the previously driven exploratory tunnel. Due to the high loading on the outer linings of deep tunnels and the high stiffness of the already hardened shotcrete support, slight deformation can cause local cracking in the support layer. This article compares the observed deformations in a fault zone intersecting at a flat angle with numerical simulations, which enables investigation of the geomechanical problems. Comparison of the calculation results with the real deformation behaviour permits the validation of the numerical simulations and the reliability and limits of such analyses. x | |||||
Diernhofer, Florian; Schneider, Klaus; Steiner, Helmut | Challenge of maintaining the Koralm Tunnel - Balancing operational availability and increasing railway equipment / Herausforderung Instandhaltung Koralmtunnel im Spannungsfeld betrieblicher Verfügbarkeit und Anlagenmehrung | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2019 | 652-660 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe Koralm Tunnel (length 33 km) crossing the eastern Alps is part of the Koralmbahn line and one of the longest rail tunnels in the world. The installation of railway equipment in the tunnel is due to start soon and it is particularly important to now make current decisions considerung future developments and demands. In particular the conflicting goals of the scheduling horizon of the construction permit process nearly 20 years ago, the 150-year design horizon and the rapid development of electronics, data processing and telematics have to be considered. Experience of operation of long rail tunnels confirms that despite all logistical efforts, the maintenance of railway equipment leads to a great expense of time and finance and also to restrictions of the line availability for operations. x | |||||
Geißler, Hendrik; Lassnig, Herbert | Dewatering of sludges from aggregate production / Entwässerung von Schlämmen aus der Produktion mineralischer Zuschlagstoffe | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2019 | 661-666 | Topics |
KurzfassungIn order to implement construction projects responsibly and at the same time efficiently, intelligent, multi-project material flow management is becoming ever more important. At the Brenner Base Tunnel, material excavated from the tunnel and geogenic fill was processed for use as concrete aggregates. One part of this processing was the separation of the finest grains by washing the material. This however produced a considerable quantity of sludge, which was to be dewatered immediately after the washing. The article describes the sludge dewatering in geotextile tubes. In addition to the application example from the construction of the Brenner Base Tunnel, the findings from this project have also been applied to optimise dewatering systems in the original application area of cleaning up waterways. Finally there is a brief outlook of current research results regarding the use of the dewatering system for used bentonite suspensions in specialised civil engineering. x | |||||
Gschwandtner, Gunter Gernot; Lenz, Gerold; Wagner, Oliver Kai | Collapses in the vicinity of fault zones - Geotechnical causes and identification / Nachbrüche im Nahbereich von Störungen - Geotechnische Ursachen und Identifikation | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2019 | 667-673 | Topics |
KurzfassungThe Semmering Base Tunnel with a total length of 27.3 km is being excavated from the Gloggnitz portal as well as from three intermediate faces at Göstritz, Fröschnitzgraben and Grautschenhof. The geological conditions of the project are characterized by tectonically extremely complex rock formations with difficult geotechnical conditions. The excavation passes through numerous fault zones with deep overburden. During the excavation works, some large-volume collapses occurred. In this article, the collapse events are reconstructed from the available geological and geotechnical information. The reconstruction of the observed system behaviour is based on analytical and numerical calculations. The aim is to identify the respective failure mechanisms. x | |||||
Kessler, Gernot; Klais, Frank; Reiterer, Markus | Site facilities on contract SBT 3.1 / Die Bauinstallationen im Baulos SBT 3.1 | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2019 | 674-680 | Topics |
KurzfassungOn contract SBT3.1 of the Semmering Base Tunnel, the intermediate access point at Grautschenhof had to be relocated late in the tender design phase due to new geological findings. One consequence of this was the limited space available on the new construction site area. A number of complementary measures were considered by the client in the tender. Supplemented by innovative technical solutions from the SBT 3.1 Grautschenhof joint venture, it was possible to establish a functioning logistics system for four conventional excavations in the tightest of spaces. x | |||||
Klaffenböck, Thomas; Gertl, Reinhard | Automatic fire-fighting systems in tunnels / Automatische Brandbekämpfungsanlagen in untertägigen Bauwerken | Geomechanics and Tunnelling | 6/2019 | 681-689 | Topics |
KurzfassungA fire can occur in many areas of a transport system. Detecting fires at an early stage and rapid automated fire-fighting can significantly minimize or completely prevent damage to rolling stock and infrastructure. In addition to effective fire-fighting, people should be safeguarded, the systems should be economical, and activation should cause a minimum of damage. Despite the positive effects of using automatic fire-fighting systems in terms of building protection and reducing the fire load, there may be negative effects on escaping persons during the escape phase. Different systems such as the high-pressure water mist system and the deluge system are investigated by CFD simulation and evaluated with regard to their use during the escape and external rescue phases. x |